Chapter 1 Flashcards
How many types of muscles
3
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
is skeletal muscle v or i
voluntary
is smooth muscle v or I
involuntary
is cardiac muscle v or I
involuntary
what does skeletal muscle look like
striated
what is skeleton muscle surrounded by
epimysium
what is fasciculi
many bundles
what surrounds fascicule
perimysium
what is the muscle fiber surrounded by
endomysium
what is muscle fiber made of
myofibrils divided into sarcomeres
plasmalemma
cell membrane
what does plhasmalemma do
fuse w tendon
tendons connect
ligaments limit
movement
action potential
what does plasmalemma maintain
pH and transports nutrients
satellite cells
what’s inside cytoplasm
organelles
mitochondria
mitochondria
cellular respiration takes place
in the presence of oxygen
mitochondria in muscle cells vs regular
bigger
more
glycogen
sugar
chains of glucose put together
ready available energy source
what produces more atp glycogen or glucose
glycogen
where is glycogen stored
muscle
some stored in liver
how much atp does fat produce
a lot
but not efficient
T-tubes serve as
extension of plasmalemma
what do t tubes carry
action potential deep into muscle fiber
sarcoplasmic reticulum
calcium storage
action potential =
all or nothing
myofibrils
hundredds to thousands per fiber
sarcomeres
basic contractile element
z-disk in sarcomere
common boundary structure
actin = thick or thin
thin
myosin = thick or thin
thick
I bands contain
actin
h zone contains
myosin
what band contains acting and myosin
a band
what does titin act as
stabilizer
actin composed of three proteins
actin
tropomyosin
troponin
actin
myosin binding site
tropomyosin
covers active site ate rest
troponin (anchored to actin)
moves tropomyosin
tropomyosin in the way =
relaxation
bc myosin cant attach
where is actin anchored at
z disk
what is actin equally spaced out by
titin
what does titin act like
spring
keeps as rigid as can be
helps w efficient movement
what does titan stabilize
sarcomeres and centers myosinh
what does titan prevent
overstretching
stabilizer protein=
titan
sliding filament theory
motor unit
consists of single alpha motor neuron and all fibers it innervates
more operating motor units=
more contractile force
neuromuscular junction
consists of synapse between alpha motor neuron and muscle fiber
nerve innervates
more than one muscle fiber
large motor unit is
more power
small motor unit helps w
small detail and precise
neuromuscular junction serves as site for
communication between neuron and muscle
neurotransmitter
released from nerve to cause contraction
dendrites
rececive infö from other cells
axons
send info
where does action potential start
brain
where does AP start
brain
when the AP arrives at the axon terminal what does it release
ACh
how do we relax the muscle
reabsorb calcium in sarcoplasmic reticulum
where are calcium ions stored
sarcplasmic reticulum
How does AP arrive at SR
from T tubule
what happens in a relaxed state
no actin myosin interaction occurs at binding site
what is the thinnest looking under a microscope
I band
why do muscles get bigger when we exercise
more sarcomeres
has to pull more filaments
how come muscles don’t get big quickly and easily
what do we need for full muscle contraction
atp
where do we make atp
mitochondria
where do we get sugar from
carbohydrates
generally from plants
type 1 muscle fiber type
50% of fibers in avg muscle
slow twitch =
type 1
fast twitch
type 2
gastrocnemius = fast or slow twitch
type 1 (slow)
can walk all day w/ out getting tired
