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Massage Fundamental > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Outcome-Based Massage™ (OBM)?

A

A massage approach focused on achieving specific results based on each client’s needs.

OBM focuses on addressing individual client issues and preferences.

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2
Q

What are the three key components of Outcome-Based Massage™?

A
  • Outcome-Based Massage™ clinical decision-making
  • Evidence-based practice
  • Therapeutic relationship

These components work together to enhance treatment effectiveness.

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3
Q

What is Outcome-Based Massage™ clinical decision-making?

A

A systematic process where therapist and client identify issues and desired outcomes, and develop a treatment plan

This involves collaboration to ensure tailored interventions.

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4
Q

What does evidence-based practice provide in the context of Outcome-Based Massage™?

A

A framework for using evidence to guide client evaluation, treatment planning, and treatment

It emphasizes the importance of research in guiding clinical decisions.

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5
Q

What type of relationship do therapists maintain while practicing Outcome-Based Massage™?

A

A collaborative, client-centered therapeutic relationship

This relationship respects ethical, sociocultural, and interpersonal aspects of interactions.

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6
Q

How does Outcome-Based Massage™ distinguish itself from other treatment approaches?

A

It focuses on achieving outcomes that reflect each client’s unique clinical presentation

This means recognizing different impairments and desired outcomes even among clients with the same condition.

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7
Q

True or False: Outcome-Based Massage™ assumes all clients with the same clinical condition have the same desired outcomes.

A

False

OBM recognizes that clients may present with different impairments and thus have different desired outcomes.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: Outcome-Based Massage™ is a treatment approach that focuses on achieving _______.

A

[specified outcomes]

These outcomes are tailored to each client’s unique needs and preferences.

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9
Q

What are outcomes for massage?

A

Outcomes are the results of the care delivered by the therapist to the client within a clinical setting.

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10
Q

What can outcomes in massage result from?

A

Outcomes can result from a single intervention using massage techniques or from all interventions in the plan of care as a whole.

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11
Q

What may administrators be concerned with regarding massage outcomes?

A

Administrators may be concerned with cost-effectiveness, efficiency of care, and client satisfaction.

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12
Q

What do therapists focus on when measuring outcomes?

A

Therapists may focus on short-term and long-term effects of care on body structures and function, levels of activity and participation, or overall wellness.

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13
Q

What perspective do clients bring regarding massage outcomes?

A

Clients bring their own perspective on the effects of care on their clinical condition, function, overall wellness, or quality of life.

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14
Q

What are the basic assumptions related to outcomes in Outcome-Based Massage?

A
  1. Massage techniques have various possible outcomes, not all relevant for a given client.
  2. Therapists can produce distinct outcomes related to impairments and wellness goals.
  3. Therapists can structure treatment to produce specific outcomes.
  4. Therapists can measure client progress toward desired outcomes.
  5. Outcomes can be client-centered or broader whole systems-oriented.
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15
Q

What are the three steps a therapist needs to determine treatment outcomes?

A
  1. Understand the potential therapeutic effects of massage and the evidence for those effects.
  2. Identify which body structures and functions or aspects of activity or participation can be treated with massage.
  3. Determine if the approach is medical massage, wellness massage, or whole systems massage.
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16
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of massage?

A

A massage technique can produce multiple therapeutic effects that may occur locally or generally throughout the client’s body.

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17
Q

How many categories do the therapeutic effects of massage fall into?

A

The majority of the therapeutic effects of massage techniques fall into six categories: mechanical, physiologic, psychological, reflex, psychoneuroimmunological, and energetic.

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18
Q

What are mechanical effects in massage?

A

Mechanical effects result from the therapist physically moving the tissues by compression, tension (stretch), shearing, bending, or twisting.

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19
Q

What are reflex effects in massage?

A

Reflex effects are mediated by the client’s nervous system, leading to therapeutic changes.

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20
Q

What do physiologic effects involve?

A

Physiologic effects involve a change in biochemical processes in the client’s body.

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21
Q

What are psychological effects in massage?

A

Psychological effects occur in the client’s mind, emotions, or behavior.

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22
Q

What are psychoneuroimmunological effects?

A

Psychoneuroimmunological effects involve changes in hormone levels or immune function that accompany changes in a client’s feeling state.

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23
Q

What does the term psychoneuroimmunological emphasize?

A

It emphasizes that feeling states, such as relaxation, represent complex multisystem phenomena.

24
Q

What are energetic effects in massage?

A

Energetic effects are direct effects on the client’s biomagnetic field and possible secondary effects on the client’s body structures and functions.

25
Q

What is the purpose of medical massage?

A

Therapists use massage to help clients with clinical conditions return to an optimal state of health.

26
Q

What model is commonly used to explain the dimensions of health?

A

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

27
Q

What are the three levels represented in the ICF model?

A

Body structures and functions, activity, and participation.

28
Q

What do body structures refer to?

A

The various anatomical structures and systems of the body.

29
Q

What are body functions?

A

The physiologic functions of anatomical systems.

30
Q

What is activity capacity?

A

The individual’s execution of a task or action in an ideal situation.

31
Q

What does participation refer to?

A

The individual’s involvement in a life situation or the ability to execute a task within his environment.

32
Q

What affects the individual’s functioning at all three levels?

A

The individual’s clinical condition, personal factors, and environmental factors.

33
Q

What is an impairment?

A

Any loss or abnormality of the client’s body structures or functions due to a clinical condition.

34
Q

How are impairments different from pathophysiology?

A

Impairments and their effects are usually visible and/or palpable, while pathophysiology occurs at the cellular level.

35
Q

What are some examples of impairments?

A

Adhesions, elevated resting muscle tension, postural adaptive shortening, edema, anxiety, and depression.

36
Q

Do different clients with the same clinical condition present with the same impairments?

A

No, they can present with different combinations of characteristic impairments.

37
Q

What is an outcome for a client with a clinical condition?

A

A desired change in a specific impairment in body structure or function stemming from the client’s clinical condition.

38
Q

What is the therapist’s final step in treatment?

A

To determine which outcomes are relevant for the client’s needs and the intent of the intervention.

39
Q

What is the focus of massage therapy interventions?

A

The focus is on treating impairments in body structures and functions, promoting recovery, and preventing secondary impairments.

40
Q

What must therapists do before finalizing treatment outcomes?

A

Therapists need to select impairments that can be treated with massage techniques.

41
Q

What are some established outcomes of massage therapy?

A

Reduction of anxiety and reduction of musculoskeletal pain, including low back pain.

42
Q

What are other important outcomes of massage therapy?

A

Positive effects on mood, stress reduction, reduction of lymphedema, improved oxytocin levels, immune function, sleep, and airway clearance.

43
Q

What does Table 1-4 provide?

A

A list of impairments in body structures and functions that massage techniques can address, along with associated outcomes.

44
Q

What must therapists consider regarding a client’s clinical condition?

A

A client’s clinical condition can affect their activity level or participation level.

45
Q

How do massage interventions relate to a client’s activity and participation levels?

A

Massage interventions do not directly address changes in activity and participation levels.

46
Q

What should therapists consider from a treatment approach?

A

Therapists should consider the expected changes in a client’s levels of activity and participation.

47
Q

What are functional outcomes?

A

Functional outcomes are meaningful changes for the client that justify reimbursement for services.

48
Q

How is wellness defined by health-care professionals?

A

Wellness is defined as a balance of ‘mind, body, and spirit’ and an individual’s self-perception of their well-being, distinct from their state of ‘health.’

49
Q

Can a person with a clinical condition experience high levels of wellness?

A

Yes, individuals with chronic illnesses, disabilities, or age-related clinical conditions can still experience high levels of wellness.

50
Q

What is a common misconception about wellness massage?

A

It is commonly believed that wellness massage does not require a sound foundation of clinical reasoning and a systematic outcome-based approach to intervention.

51
Q

How can therapists help clients achieve optimal wellness?

A

Therapists can help clients achieve optimal wellness by providing massage interventions aimed at achieving outcomes for wellness, rather than just offering ‘back rubs.’

52
Q

What is the Wellness Interactions Model (WIM)?

A

The WIM is a model that provides a foundation for the effective use of massage to achieve wellness outcomes, showing an ongoing interaction between a person, wellness, and their environment.

53
Q

How does the WIM differ from Travis’s original Wellness Model?

A

The WIM does not have a continuum or progression through varying levels of disease and health to wellness, unlike Travis’s original Wellness Model.

54
Q

What dimensions does a person have in the WIM?

A

In the WIM, a person has multiple dimensions: spirit, brain and body structures and function, activity capacity, ability to participate in society, and wellness behaviors.

55
Q

What does ‘spirit’ refer to in the context of wellness?

A

‘Spirit’ refers to the nonphysical part of a person that embodies their drive to transcend the physical world.

56
Q

What are wellness behaviors?

A

Wellness behaviors are personal factors central to wellness, including self-nurturance, healthy lifestyles, readiness for change, and perceived health.

57
Q

What role do environmental factors play in wellness?

A

Environmental factors, such as social attitudes, available wellness services, education, and financial status, can act as facilitators or barriers to wellness.

Massage Fundamental (3 decks)

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