Chapter 1

Question 1

What height is the tropopause and troposphere?

Answer 1

Between 7.5km and 16.5km

Usually 11km

Question 2

Whats ISA?

Answer 2

International Standard Atmosphere

A standard atmosphere defined in the troposphere and stratosphere for comparison of aircraft performance, calibration of altimeters, and other.

Question 3

Whats the ISA for pressure at sea level?

Answer 3

1013.2 mb

Question 4

Whats the ISA for density at sea level?

Answer 4

1.226 kg/m ^3

Question 5

Whats the ISA for temperature at sea level?

Answer 5

15 degrees celcius

Question 6

Whats maximum camber

Answer 6

Maximum distance between the mean camber line and the chord line

Question 7

Whats an aerofoil?

Answer 7

Any surface which when inclined to an airflow will provide a lifting surface

Question 8

Whats chord ratio?

Answer 8

The ratio of the maximum thickness to the chord length

Question 9

Whats the Angle of Attack?

Answer 9

The Angle between chord line and relative airflow

Question 10

Whats angle of incidence? (AOI)

Answer 10

The angle between the chord line and the fixed aircraft datum line?

Question 11

Whats the span?

Answer 11

The distance from wing tip to wing tip

Question 12

Whats the aspect ratio? (AR)

Answer 12

Ratio of wing span to chord

Question 13

What are the temperature changes for an increase in altitude? M & ft

Answer 13

6.5 degrees Celsius per km

2 degrees Celsius per 1000ft

Question 14

Whats Static stability?

Answer 14

An objects immediate response to a disturbance

Question 15

Whats dynamic stability?

Answer 15

Response over time following a disturbance

Question 16

Whats unstable (negative stability)?

Answer 16

Object that never returns to original place after disturbance

Question 17

Whats stable (positive stability)?

Answer 17

Returns back to original position

Question 18

Whats Neutrally stable?

Answer 18

Neither returns to or continues away from original position

Question 19

What axis is a rolling motion?

Answer 19

Longitudinal

Question 20

What axis is pitch?

Answer 20

Lateral

Question 21

What axis is yawing?

Answer 21

Normal axis

Question 22

Effects of ice forming on an aircraft?

Answer 22

Drag
Weight (overnight)
CoG displaced
Vibration
Stiff controls
Vision impaired
Undercarriage locked
Engine & intake components damaged by ice

Question 23

At what temp can snow form on aircraft?

Answer 23

When isotherm is below 0 degree C

Question 24

Where does ice form the quickest?

Answer 24

Objects with a thin cross section
- pitot
- rotor blades
- leading edges

Question 25

Whats hoar frost?

Answer 25

Light deposits that form on aircraft skin at 0 degrees C or lower when on a rapid descent or after being parked outside on a clear winter night. Restricts visibility.

Question 26

Whats the tropopause?

Answer 26

Pause section where temperature stabilises in between the troposphere & stratosphere

Question 27

Whats the stratosphere?

Answer 27

Temperature increases section due to ozone layer

Question 28

Whats viscosity?

Answer 28

Fluids (liquid or gas) resistance to internal friction

Question 29

Whats the formula for pressure and density?

Answer 29

P = ma D = m/v

Question 30

Whats the boundary layer?

Answer 30

Airflow slowed due to viscosity and friction close to the aerofoil surface 0.1-0.2mm thick 5mm - no lift

Question 31

Whats laminar flow?

Answer 31

Neat orderly flow over an object

Question 32

What are the 3 types of aerofoil shape?

Answer 32

High lift - curved shape (more drag) High speed - sharp leading and trailing edge General purpose

Question 33

Whats the stalling angle?

Answer 33

15-16 degrees

Question 34

Whats the stalling speed?

Answer 34

Slowest speed it can be flown before not enough lift is produced

Question 35

Whats the total reaction?

Answer 35

Resultant force of lift and drag

Question 36

What factors affect lift?

Answer 36

Density Velocity Shape Surface area AoA Surface finish Dynamic pressure

Question 37

What are the 4 leading edge augmentation devices?

Answer 37

Slot - permanent fit allows airflow from lower to upper camber makes turbulent flow laminar Slat - pitot or automatically operated (not permanent) Kreuger flap (leading edge) Droop nose

Question 38

What are the 3 trailing edge devices?

Answer 38

Flaps - plain - split - fowler (best)

Question 39

What two groups make up total drag?

Answer 39

Lift dependant Zero lift (drag)/ parasite drag

Question 40

What component parts make up lift dependant drag?

Answer 40

Form drag Skin friction drag Induced/ vortex drag

Question 41

Zero lift drag Parasite drag

Answer 41

Form drag Skin friction drag Interference drag

Question 42

Whats TP & SP in regards to boundary layer?

Answer 42

TP - transition point where the layer goes from laminar to turbulent SP - when the air becomes too turbulent to continue following the profile of the aerofoil After separation there is no lift