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Theory of Flight > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What height is the tropopause and troposphere?

A

Between 7.5km and 16.5km

Usually 11km

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2
Q

Whats ISA?

A

International Standard Atmosphere

A standard atmosphere defined in the troposphere and stratosphere for comparison of aircraft performance, calibration of altimeters, and other.

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3
Q

Whats the ISA for pressure at sea level?

A

1013.2 mb

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4
Q

Whats the ISA for density at sea level?

A

1.226 kg/m ^3

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5
Q

Whats the ISA for temperature at sea level?

A

15 degrees celcius

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6
Q

Whats maximum camber

A

Maximum distance between the mean camber line and the chord line

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7
Q

Whats an aerofoil?

A

Any surface which when inclined to an airflow will provide a lifting surface

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8
Q

Whats chord ratio?

A

The ratio of the maximum thickness to the chord length

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9
Q

Whats the Angle of Attack?

A

The Angle between chord line and relative airflow

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10
Q

Whats angle of incidence? (AOI)

A

The angle between the chord line and the fixed aircraft datum line?

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11
Q

Whats the span?

A

The distance from wing tip to wing tip

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12
Q

Whats the aspect ratio? (AR)

A

Ratio of wing span to chord

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13
Q

What are the temperature changes for an increase in altitude? M & ft

A

6.5 degrees Celsius per km

2 degrees Celsius per 1000ft

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14
Q

Whats Static stability?

A

An objects immediate response to a disturbance

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15
Q

Whats dynamic stability?

A

Response over time following a disturbance

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16
Q

Whats unstable (negative stability)?

A

Object that never returns to original place after disturbance

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17
Q

Whats stable (positive stability)?

A

Returns back to original position

18
Q

Whats Neutrally stable?

A

Neither returns to or continues away from original position

19
Q

What axis is a rolling motion?

A

Longitudinal

20
Q

What axis is pitch?

A

Lateral

21
Q

What axis is yawing?

A

Normal axis

22
Q

Effects of ice forming on an aircraft?

A

Drag
Weight (overnight)
CoG displaced
Vibration
Stiff controls
Vision impaired
Undercarriage locked
Engine & intake components damaged by ice

23
Q

At what temp can snow form on aircraft?

A

When isotherm is below 0 degree C

24
Q

Where does ice form the quickest?

A

Objects with a thin cross section
- pitot
- rotor blades
- leading edges

25
Q

Whats hoar frost?

A

Light deposits that form on aircraft skin at 0 degrees C or lower when on a rapid descent or after being parked outside on a clear winter night. Restricts visibility.

26
Q

Whats the tropopause?

A

Pause section where temperature stabilises in between the troposphere & stratosphere

27
Q

Whats the stratosphere?

A

Temperature increases section due to ozone layer

28
Q

Whats viscosity?

A

Fluids (liquid or gas) resistance to internal friction

29
Q

Whats the formula for pressure and density?

A

P = ma

D = m/v

30
Q

Whats the boundary layer?

A

Airflow slowed due to viscosity and friction close to the aerofoil surface 0.1-0.2mm thick
5mm - no lift

31
Q

Whats laminar flow?

A

Neat orderly flow over an object

32
Q

What are the 3 types of aerofoil shape?

A

High lift - curved shape (more drag)
High speed - sharp leading and trailing edge
General purpose

33
Q

Whats the stalling angle?

A

15-16 degrees

34
Q

Whats the stalling speed?

A

Slowest speed it can be flown before not enough lift is produced

35
Q

Whats the total reaction?

A

Resultant force of lift and drag

36
Q

What factors affect lift?

A

Density
Velocity
Shape
Surface area
AoA
Surface finish
Dynamic pressure

37
Q

What are the 4 leading edge augmentation devices?

A

Slot - permanent fit allows airflow from lower to upper camber makes turbulent flow laminar

Slat - pitot or automatically operated (not permanent)

Kreuger flap (leading edge)

Droop nose

38
Q

What are the 3 trailing edge devices?

A

Flaps
- plain
- split
- fowler (best)

39
Q

What two groups make up total drag?

A

Lift dependant
Zero lift (drag)/ parasite drag

40
Q

What component parts make up lift dependant drag?

A

Form drag
Skin friction drag
Induced/ vortex drag

41
Q

Zero lift drag
Parasite drag

A

Form drag
Skin friction drag
Interference drag

42
Q

Whats TP & SP in regards to boundary layer?

A

TP - transition point where the layer goes from laminar to turbulent

SP - when the air becomes too turbulent to continue following the profile of the aerofoil

After separation there is no lift

Theory of Flight (3 decks)

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