CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
The muscular system:
maintains posture
The endocrine system:
regulates body activities through various hormones
the integumentary system:
receives stimuli
the circulatory system:
regulates body temperature
the 3 functional classifications of joints are:
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis
plane:
gliding
ginglymus:
hinge
pivot
trochoid
ellipsoid
condylar
saddle
sellar
ball and socket
spheroidal
bicondylar
condylar
what type of movement is the 1st carpometacarpal joint?
saddle
what type of movement is the elbow joint?
ginglymus
what type of movement is the intercarpal joint
plane
what type of movement is the wrist joint
ellipsoidal
what type of movement is the temporomandibular joint
bicondylar
what type of movement is the 2nd interphalangeal joint
ginglymus
what type of movement is the distal radioulnar joint
pivot
what type of movement is the ankle joint
saddle
what type of movement is the knee joint
bicondylar
what type of movement is the 3rd metacarpophalangeal joint
pivot
define body habitus
the build of the body
opposite of depression:
elevation
outside or outward:
exterior
on the same side:
ipsilateral
near the skin surface:
superficial
what are the 3 recommendations stated in the ASRT ACE communication campaign?
A: announce your name
C: communicate your credentials
E: explain procedure
what is the type of grid cut-off if the cr and face of the grid are not perpendicular
off-level
what is the type of grid cutoff if the SID is set beyond the focal range of the grid?
off-focus
what is the tern for recorded image sharpness
spatial resolution
the lack of image sharpness is termed
blur
what 3 geometric factors control spatial resolution
SID, OID, focal spot size
What are the 4 controlling factors of distortion
OID, SID, object IR alignment, CR placement
The range or level of image contrast in the digital image is primarily controlled by
digital processing
what are the 6 image quality factors to evaluate a digital image?
brightness, contrast, spatial resolution, distortion, noise, exposure indicator
a digital system’s ability to distinguish between similar tissues is termed
contrast resolution
radiographic contrast in the digital image is primarily affected by
application of processing algorithms
the greater the bit depth in digital imaging, the greater the
contrast resolution
what are the 2 pixel sizes used in digital imaging
acquisition and display
in addition to acquisition pixel size, spatial resolution in the digital image is controlled by
display matrix
what 4 factors affect the exposure indicator number?
mas, kvp, total detector area irradiated, objects exposed
reversing dark or light pixel values is termed
invert image
list 3 components of a PSP-CR system
IP, IP reader, tech work station
what is the formula used to convert cm to in
in=xcm(0.3937)
what does RIS stand for
radiographic information system
what is the definition of teleradiography
the electric transmission of diagnostic imaging studies
what is the FPD-TFT receptor made of
amorphous silicone
display matrix:
display of pixels
exposure latitude:
range of exposure intensities
windowing:
adjusting window level/width
penumbra:
unsharp edges
exposure indicator:
numeric value of exposure
bit depth:
of shades of gray in each pixel
distortion:
misrepresentation of object size/shape
kilovoltage:
controls penetrating power
spatial resolution:
sharpness
post processing:
enhancing electronic image
what is the SI unit for roentgen
c/kg of air
what is the SI unit for radiation absorbed dose
Gy
what is the SI unit for radiation equivalent man?
Sv
what is the equation in converting rads for gy
Gy=rad(0.01)
what is the equation in converting mrad to mGy?
mrd=100(mgy)
what is the equation in converting rem to Sv
Sv=rem(0.01)
what is the equation in converting rem to mSv
rem=10mSv
for modern flouroscopy equipment, the average exposure rate is
1 to 3 R/ min
what projection provides the most radiation to bone marrow
retrograde pyelogram
what are the 2 types of fluoroscopy readouts required by the FDA to monitor radiation output
DAP and cumulative total dose
