Chapter 1

Question 1

What is Obesity

Answer 1

A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.

Question 2

What is Kinesiology

Answer 2

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.

Question 3

What is evidence based practice

Answer 3

A practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision-making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on the best sources of external evidence (e.g., peer-reviewed research), and prioritizing client values and expectations.

Question 4

What is Musculoskeletal system

Answer 4

The combined, interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body.

Question 5

What is Deconditioned

Answer 5

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.

Question 6

What is overweight

Answer 6

A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9.

Question 7

Muscle imbalance

Answer 7

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.

Question 8

What is Joint stability

Answer 8

The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement.

Question 9

What is OPT

Answer 9

OPT Model - Optimum Performance Training
Phase 1 - Stabilization Endurance
Phase 2 - Strength Endurance
Phase 3 - Muscular Development
Phase 4 - Maximal Strength
Phase 5 - Power

Question 10

What is Socioeconomic status

Answer 10

The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation.

Question 11

What is Morbidity

Answer 11

The state of having a disease.

Question 12

What is Mortality

Answer 12

A state or a risk of death or dying.

Question 13

What is Homeostasis

Answer 13

The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium.

Question 14

What is Acute medical event/disease

Answer 14

Any medical condition that occurs suddenly and can be treated and healed in a short period of time. For example, an isolated bout of bronchitis is an acute medical condition that is easily treated with antibiotics and rest, and typically resolves in a week or so. However, if left untreated, the condition could progress to more serious chronic problems.

Question 15

What is Acute medical event/disease

Answer 15

A medical condition that persists for a long duration or cannot be cured altogether, typically lasting for 3 months or more. Chronic diseases generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medications, nor do they just disappear over time. For example, individuals with a long history of smoking are prone to acute bouts of bronchitis, which can and often do progress toward chronic bronchitis.

Question 16

What is risk factor

Answer 16

Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.

Question 17

What is Cholesterol

Answer 17

A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells.

Question 18

What are BMI classifications

Answer 18

TABLE 1-1 BMI Classification
BMI
Disease Risk
Classification
< 18.5
Increased
Underweight
18.5–24.9
Low
Healthy weight
25.0–29.9
Increased
Overweight
30.0–34.9
High
Obese
35.0–39.9
Very high
Obesity II
≥ 40.0
Extremely high
Obesity III

Question 19

CRITICAL

Answer 19

BMI provides the most practical measurement of overweight and obesity because it is the same for both sexes and for all ages of adults. When analyzing large populations, BMI is both a valid and reliable tool to estimate overweight and obesity levels.

However, BMI is not a substitute for more precise, objective measurements of body fat composition when examining people on an individual basis. For example, elite athletes with very high levels of lean muscle mass can be mistakenly classified as obese by BMI alone, even though they may have very little body fat. For that reason, calculating BMI is just a starting point, and other body composition assessments should be considered with clients who are on a weight loss journey.

Question 20

CRITICAL

Answer 20

With so many in the greater population dealing with one or more chronic health conditions, it is essential for fitness professionals to be familiar with the most common conditions. Regular exercise and healthy lifestyle changes can greatly improve the quality of life for people with chronic conditions; however, fitness professionals should always ensure that affected individuals have received clearance to exercise by a doctor or other licensed healthcare provider before beginning a new fitness regimen.

Question 21

What is a Stroke

Answer 21

A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.

Question 22

What is a Heart attack

Answer 22

The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction.

Question 23

What is Heart Failure

Answer 23

A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.

Question 24

What is a Heart Valve problem

Answer 24

A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body.

Question 25

What is Arrythmia

Answer 25

A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.

Question 26

What is Ischemic Heart Disease

Question 27

What is Atherosclerosis

Answer 27

The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.