Chapter 1 Flashcards
The human heart is located within the______ medially between the lungs in the space known as the _____
- thoracic cavity
- mediastinum
the heart is separated from the other mediastinal structures by a tough membrane known as the_____
pericardium, or pericardial sac, and sits in its own space called the pericardial cavity.
The slight deviation of the apex to the left is reflected in a depression in the medial surface of the inferior lobe of the left lung, called the_____
cardiac notch
The position of the heart in the torso between the vertebrae and sternum (see the image above for the position of the heart within the thorax) allows for individuals to apply an emergency technique known as _____ if the heart of the patient stop
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Current standards call for compression of the chest at least _____ and at a rate of _________________per minute
5 cm deep and 100 compressions
the weight of a female heart is approximately _______, and the weight of a male heart is approximately_______
250–300 grams (9 to 11 ounces) and 300–350 grams (11 to 12 ounces)
The cause of an abnormally enlarged heart muscle is unknown, but the condition is often undiagnosed and can cause sudden death in apparently otherwise healthy young people.
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
acts as a receiving chamber and contracts to push blood into the lower chambers
the right ventricle and the left ventricle.
serve as the primary pumping chambers of the heart, propelling blood to the lungs or to the rest of the body.
ventricles
transports blood to and from the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and delivers carbon dioxide for exhalation.
pulmonary circuit
transports oxygenated blood to virtually all of the tissues of the body and returns relatively deoxygenated blood and carbon dioxide to the heart to be sent back to the pulmonary circulation.
systemic circuit
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the _______, which leads toward the lungs and bifurcates into the left and right ______________. These vessels in turn branch many times before reaching the________________, where gas exchange occurs: Carbon dioxide exits the blood and oxygen enters.
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary capillaries
Highly oxygenated blood returning from the __________ in the lungs passes through a series of vessels that join together to form the
pulmonary capillaries
The capillaries will ultimately unite to form venules, joining to form ever-larger veins, eventually flowing into the two major systemic veins, the _______________, which return blood to the right atrium.
superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava
The middle and thickest layer is the ________, made largely of cardiac muscle cells.
myocardium
The innermost layer of the heart wall, the _________, is joined to the myocardium with a thin layer of connective tissue.
endocardium
The endocardium lines the chambers where the blood circulates and covers the heart valves. It is made of simple squamous epithelium called _________, which is continuous with the endothelial lining of the blood vessels.
endothelium
_____refers to a wall or partition that divides the heart into chambers.
septum
It is marked by the presence of four openings that allow blood to move from the atria into the ventricles and from the ventricles into the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
atrioventricular septum
The _____ serves as the receiving chamber for blood returning to the heart from the systemic circulation
right atrium
The_____ receives blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve
Right Ventricle
_________________, literally “tendinous cords,” or sometimes more poetically referred to as “heart strings.”
chordae tendineae
A junction between two adjoining cells is marked by a critical structure called an___________
intercalated disc
____________, a specialized clump of myocardial conducting cells located in the superior and posterior walls of the right atrium in close proximity to the orifice of the superior vena cava.
sinoatrial (SA) node
