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CSC > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a computer?

A

A computer is an electronic device that accepts data, processes it, produces output, and stores information.

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2
Q

What are the main components of a computer?

A

Hardware and software.

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3
Q

Define hardware.

A

Hardware is the collection of physical, tangible elements in a computer system.

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4
Q

What are the five functions of a computer?

A

Input, store, process, output, and control.

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5
Q

What is the CPU and its components?

A

The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, consists of the ALU, Control Unit, and Registers.

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6
Q

What does ALU stand for, and what is its function?

A

ALU stands for Arithmetic Logic Unit; it performs arithmetic and logical operations.

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7
Q

What is RAM and its characteristic?

A

RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile memory used for temporary storage of data.

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8
Q

What is ROM?

A

ROM (Read Only Memory) is a permanent storage that cannot be modified.

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9
Q

Define secondary memory and give examples.

A

Secondary memory stores data permanently; examples include Hard Disk, Optical Disk, and Flash memory.

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10
Q

What is an input device?

A

An input device provides data and control signals to the computer, such as a keyboard or mouse.

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11
Q

Name examples of output devices.

A

Examples of output devices are monitors and printers.

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12
Q

Describe the difference between system software and application software.

A

System software manages hardware components; application software performs specific tasks.

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13
Q

List the units of data storage measurement.

A

Bit, Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte.

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14
Q

Define a computer virus.

A

A virus is software designed to damage other programs or data.

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15
Q

What is a worm?

A

A worm is a self-replicating program that spreads through networks.

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16
Q

What is system software?

A

System software controls and manages hardware, providing a platform for other software to run. Examples include operating systems like Windows and Linux.

17
Q

What is application software?

A

Application software is used for specific tasks, such as word processing or image editing, and includes software like Microsoft Office and Photoshop.

18
Q

What is the function of secondary storage?

A

Secondary storage holds data permanently, even when the computer is turned off.

19
Q

What is an optical disk?

A

An optical disk is a storage device that uses laser light to read and write data, including CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.

20
Q

Define bit and byte.

A

A bit is the smallest unit of data, representing a 0 or 1. A byte consists of 8 bits.

21
Q

What are examples of primary memory?

A

Primary memory includes RAM (volatile memory) and ROM (non-volatile memory).

22
Q

Define a supercomputer.

A

A supercomputer is an extremely fast, powerful computer capable of handling millions of instructions per second, often used in scientific research.

23
Q

What is a virus in computing?

A

A virus is a malicious program designed to damage or disrupt a computer system.

24
Q

Describe a Trojan Horse.

A

A Trojan Horse is a program that appears legitimate but causes harm when executed.

25
Q

What are common symptoms of a virus infection?

A

Symptoms include slow performance, unexpected error messages, and decreased storage capacity.

26
Q

What is Hertz (Hz)?

A

Hertz is a unit of measurement for CPU speed, representing cycles per second.

27
Q

Name the types of computer classifications by size and power.

A

Personal computer (PC), Workstation, Minicomputer, Mainframe, Supercomputer.

28
Q

What is the role of a workstation?

A

A workstation is a powerful single-user computer, typically with high processing power and graphics capability.

29
Q

What is the main difference between a tablet and a laptop?

A

A tablet lacks a physical keyboard or touchpad and is optimized for touchscreen use.

30
Q

What are characteristics of mobile devices?

A

Mobile devices are portable, handheld computers designed for tasks like browsing, email, and media consumption.

CSC (2 decks)

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