Chapter 1 Flashcards
oral cavity
big breath, chew food, uvula closes off nasal cavity
Nasal cavity
traps dust with nose hairs, catch germs with musics, filters air, moistens and warm air, test the air
pharynx
area behind uvula and epiglottis, closed when swallowing, open when breathing
windpipe
always open by cartilage rings, covered in mucus and ciliated celss.l
lung
this is where respiration takes placebro
brochi
smaller pipe that moves the air into each lung
alveoli
small air sac where oxygen diffuses in and carbon dioxide diffuses out.
- surrounded by a network of small blood vessels know as pulmonary capillaries
- gas exchange
- carbon dioxide from the blood passes from the pulmonary capillaries into the air in the alveoli.
cartilage rings
keep the windpipe open without efort
windpipe 2
lets the air flow to the lungs
oesophagus
tube that moves food down the stomach
breathing
nasal cavity open
uvula/epiglottis open
air into the windpipe
swallowing
nasal cavity closed
uvula/epiglottis closed
food into oesophagus
chocking
nasal cavity open
uvula/epiglottis open
food into airways
inhaled air
- oxygen rich
- carbon dioxide poor
exhaled air
- oxygen poor
- carbon dioxide rich
blood entering lungs
- oxygen poor
- carbon dioxide rich
blood exiting lungs
- oxygen rich
- carbon dioxide poor
photosynthesis
water + carbon dioxide + energy –> glucose + oxygen
plants use this to store energy in the form of glucose
breaking down glucose releases energy
- cells use glucose as an energy source
- when glucose is broken down, the energy stored in it is released.
- the energy that is released is used for the cell’s metabolism.
- glucose is broken down in mitochondria
breakdown of glucose
- a form of combustion, a metabolic process called respiration
- respiration takes place in all the cells of an organism.
- the amount of energy you need depends on the physical effort you are making.
- the greater the physical effort –> more combustion takes place
- more fuel needed –> more waste products
respiration
glucose + oxygen –> water + carbon dioxide + energy
Bronchioles
branches of the bronchi
chest breathing (thoracic)
the ribs and breastbone move up and down
inhaling:
1. ribs and breastbone move up
2. thoracic cavity bigger
3. lungs bigger
4. air flows in
Exhaling:
1. ribs and breastbone move down
2. thoracic cavity smaller
3. lungs smaller
4. air flows out
abdominal breathing (diaphragmatic breathing)
diaphragm moves up and down –> abdominal wall moves back and forth
Inhaling:
1. diaphragm moves down (abdominal wall moves forward)
2. thoracic cavity bigger
3. lungs bigger
4. air flows in
Exhaling:
1. diaphragm moves up (abdominal wall goes back)
2. thoracic cavity smaller
3. lungs smaller
4. air flows out
