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Biology chapter 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

oral cavity

A

big breath, chew food, uvula closes off nasal cavity

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2
Q

Nasal cavity

A

traps dust with nose hairs, catch germs with musics, filters air, moistens and warm air, test the air

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3
Q

pharynx

A

area behind uvula and epiglottis, closed when swallowing, open when breathing

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4
Q

windpipe

A

always open by cartilage rings, covered in mucus and ciliated celss.l

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5
Q

lung

A

this is where respiration takes placebro

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6
Q

brochi

A

smaller pipe that moves the air into each lung

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7
Q

alveoli

A

small air sac where oxygen diffuses in and carbon dioxide diffuses out.
- surrounded by a network of small blood vessels know as pulmonary capillaries
- gas exchange
- carbon dioxide from the blood passes from the pulmonary capillaries into the air in the alveoli.

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8
Q

cartilage rings

A

keep the windpipe open without efort

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9
Q

windpipe 2

A

lets the air flow to the lungs

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10
Q

oesophagus

A

tube that moves food down the stomach

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11
Q

breathing

A

nasal cavity open
uvula/epiglottis open
air into the windpipe

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12
Q

swallowing

A

nasal cavity closed
uvula/epiglottis closed
food into oesophagus

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13
Q

chocking

A

nasal cavity open
uvula/epiglottis open
food into airways

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14
Q

inhaled air

A
  • oxygen rich
  • carbon dioxide poor
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15
Q

exhaled air

A
  • oxygen poor
  • carbon dioxide rich
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16
Q

blood entering lungs

A
  • oxygen poor
  • carbon dioxide rich
17
Q

blood exiting lungs

A
  • oxygen rich
  • carbon dioxide poor
18
Q

photosynthesis

A

water + carbon dioxide + energy –> glucose + oxygen
plants use this to store energy in the form of glucose

19
Q

breaking down glucose releases energy

A
  • cells use glucose as an energy source
  • when glucose is broken down, the energy stored in it is released.
  • the energy that is released is used for the cell’s metabolism.
  • glucose is broken down in mitochondria
20
Q

breakdown of glucose

A
  • a form of combustion, a metabolic process called respiration
  • respiration takes place in all the cells of an organism.
  • the amount of energy you need depends on the physical effort you are making.
  • the greater the physical effort –> more combustion takes place
  • more fuel needed –> more waste products
21
Q

respiration

A

glucose + oxygen –> water + carbon dioxide + energy

22
Q

Bronchioles

A

branches of the bronchi

23
Q

chest breathing (thoracic)

A

the ribs and breastbone move up and down
inhaling:
1. ribs and breastbone move up
2. thoracic cavity bigger
3. lungs bigger
4. air flows in
Exhaling:
1. ribs and breastbone move down
2. thoracic cavity smaller
3. lungs smaller
4. air flows out

24
Q

abdominal breathing (diaphragmatic breathing)

A

diaphragm moves up and down –> abdominal wall moves back and forth
Inhaling:
1. diaphragm moves down (abdominal wall moves forward)
2. thoracic cavity bigger
3. lungs bigger
4. air flows in
Exhaling:
1. diaphragm moves up (abdominal wall goes back)
2. thoracic cavity smaller
3. lungs smaller
4. air flows out

25
Q

hay fever

A
  • allergy
  • tear in eyes, inflamed mucous membranes, running nose, sneezing
  • tree pollen: spring
  • grass pollen: summer
26
Q

cigarette smoke

A

mixture of gasses and tar
- components of tobacco smoke include nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide

27
Q

nicotine

A

what gets you addicted to smoking
- habituation, psychological dependency and physical dependency
- smokers body need nicotine
- stop smoking, withdrawal symptons

28
Q

tar

A

damages the lungs
- cilia gets damaged
- cause lung cancer

29
Q

carbon monoxide

A

reduces the bloods ability to transport oxygen

30
Q

THC

A

psychoactive substance in cannabis
- cannabis also contains CBD (not psychoactive)

31
Q

short term effects of THC

A
  • elevated pulse rate
  • reduced blood pressure
  • headaches
  • dizzy
  • memory problems
32
Q

long term effects of THC

A
  • addiction
  • insomnia
  • depression
  • concentration
  • damaged airways
  • lung cancer

Biology chapter 1 (1 decks)

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