Chapter 1 Flashcards
The Facts of Life: Chemistry is the Logic of Biological Phenomena
enumerate the distinctive properties of living system
- organisms are complicated and highly organized
- Biological structures serve functional purposes
- Living systems are actively engaged in energy transformations
- Living systems have a remarkable capacity for self-replication
a complex three-dimensional structure of a macromolecule known as
conformation
made of long chains of 20 kinds of amino acids, primarily acts as enzymes
Protein
made from long and short chains of nucleic acid bases form DNA, RNA; an information storage
Nucleic Acid
made from phosphate or other charged “head” with long hydrocarbon tail; energy storage
lipid
made from long and short chains of sugar molecules (e.g glucose. fructose); energy source
Carbohydrates
special energized biomolecules
ATP and NADPH
________ is moving to a condition of increasing disorder or, in thermodynamic terms, maximum entropy
Inanimate matter
when do organism reach equilibrium
upon death
these are consumed by the organisms and used to maintain its stability and order
energy and material
elements that made up 99+% of atoms in human body
C,H,O,N
he suggested that life might have begun in a “warm little pond, with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts, light, heat, electricity, among others, present, that a protein compound was chemically formed ready to undergo still more complex changes”
Charles Darwin in 1959
they offered a hypothesis about life’s origins based on notions of the chemistry and physical conditions that might have existed on a prebiotic earth
J.H.B.S Haldane and A. Oparin (1920s)
converting inorganic molecules into organic molecules requires an input of?
free energy
Oparin and Haldane hypothesis
they hypothesized a reducing atmosphere on the prebiotic earth
they tested the prediction that, under Haldane and Oparin’s prebiotic earth conditions, inorganic molecules could produce the organic molecules in what came known as the primordial soup
Miller and Urey (1952)
known as the primordial soup
inorganic molecules could produce the organic molecules
it can interact in spontaneous chemical reactions to form organic compounds
Nitriles
a critical moment in chemical evolution
the transition from systems of randomly generated molecules to systems in which molecules were organized and specifically replicated
