Chapter 1

Question 1

Is the initial cost of GB higher than regular building?

Answer 1

Depends on the project and the country as well as the materials used in the project and from where they are imported.

Question 2

Sustainable development concept:

Answer 2

United nations, world commission on environment and development WCED 1987

Question 3

Sustainable development definition:

Answer 3

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Sustainable development and sustainability are interchangeable terms.

Question 4

Three pillars of sustainable development:

Answer 4

1- economic aspects. 2nd important.
2- enviornmental aspects, most important.
3- social aspects.

Question 5

Sustainable development model

Answer 5

Allows trade-off among its three pillars which imbalances the model and obstructs sustainability achievments

Question 6

Terms used for green buildings:

Answer 6

High performance buildings, sustainable buildings, sustainable construction, high performance construction, green construction.

Question 7

Definition of green buildings

Answer 7

• a high performance property that considers and reduces its impact on the environment and human health.
• healthy facilities designed and built in resource efficient manner using ecologically based principles.

Question 8

Green buildings features

Answer 8

• designes, constructed and operated with the goal of reducing negative environmental impacts and increasing resource efficiency such as energy, water and raw materials.

Question 9

Green buildings rely on:

Answer 9

Sustainable design concepts that aim to minimize environmental harm, improve health and well being of the occupants, and achieve balance between economic, social and environmental needs.

Question 10

Broader concept that underpins green buildings?

Answer 10

Sustainability, meaning meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, this includes reducing resource consumption, preserving the environment, promoting social and economic well being.

Question 11

Standards and certifications of GB?

Answer 11

LEED, leadership in energy and environmental design, its a globally rating system used for design, construction, and operation of high performance GBs, it includes standards related to energy, water efficiency, emissions reduction, improvement of IAQ.

Question 12

Green buildings benefits?

Answer 12

• reduced energy consumption.
• 30-50% typical energy and water savings, it may reach more than 70%.
• reduced maintenance cost.
• increased property value, 10-15%.
• typical 3-5% improvement in productivity.
• 5% reduced absenteesim.
• reduce sick buildings syndrome by 41.5%
• enhances IAQ.

Question 13

Does it cost more to go through green design alternatives?

Answer 13

There is no evidence that gb cost more, investigations falls within. -0.4 to. 21%

Question 14

Green building barriers

Answer 14

1- cost barrier.
2- lack of systematic actual performance measures of gbs and the need for post occupancy.
3- lack of building owners interest in the long term benefits of gb, building owners are not interested in future costs.
4- lack of proper education about gb practices and benefits.

Question 15

Project life cycle

Answer 15

Phases of project life from defention to demolition, used for better control of building life.

Question 16

Project life cycle characteristics:

Answer 16

• mark start and completion of project.
• deliverables from the previous phase are usually approved before we move on.
• defines what technical work should be done in each phase.
• defines who should be involved in each phase.

Question 17

Project LC similar characteristics

Answer 17

• cost and staffing levels are low early in the cycle,
• uncertainty is highest early in the cycle.
• ability to influence outcome highest early.
• the cost of change is highest later in the cycle.

Question 18

Life cycle phases?

Answer 18

1- definition phase.
2- design phase.
3- bidding phase ( procurement phase)
4- consturction phase.
5- operation and maintenance phase.
6- demolition phase.

Question 19

1- Project planning phase?

Answer 19

Owner makes decisions that set the tone of the project, idea or need.
The most critical decision that is made during this phase whether or not to proceed with the project ( go / no go decision).
Environmental impact assessment, economic feasibility, project location.

Question 20

2- Project design phase?

Answer 20

1- schematic design
2- design development.
3- contract documents.

Question 21

• schematic design:

Answer 21

Architect reviews owner’s program and budget, discuss design and construction, prepares coneptual design documents includes: sketches, small scale schematic plans, elevations, sections, diagrams, general description of the project.
Completion of schematic design represents 30% design completion of the project.

Question 22

• design development:

Answer 22

Design team evaluate and select all the major systems and components of the project.
Design team is involved in the evaluation and finalization of all the architectural components and project systems
Hvac, main systems, smart systems.
Takes the project to. 60% completion.

Question 23

Contract documents

Answer 23

Preliminary cost estimate.
Develop preliminary working drawings.
Develop working drawings with specifications.
Architect , structural engineer, mechanical engineer.

Question 24

3- bidding phase. (Construction procurement)?

Answer 24

Soliciation, proposal preparations, bid or proposal opening, bid or proposal evaluation, award of contract, final negotiation

Question 25

4- construction phase?

Answer 25

Mobilization, subcontracting, purchasing, permits, site preparation, foundations, interior finifhes and equipments

Question 26

Occupancy / post construction phase

Answer 26

Start up and testing, leasing, operation, correction, repairs, maintenance, building evaluation.

Question 27

Occupancy operating cost include:

Answer 27

Rent, insurance, regulatory cost.
Utility cost( energy, water consumption nill, sewerage annual fees).
Taxes, operating costs.

Question 28

Occupancy maintenance cost

Answer 28

Maintenance cost is the total incurred labor, material or any other costs associated with those actions and activities, it includes:
Maintenance management , refurbishment of the building, minor repair and replacement cost, major systems and components replacement cost, cleaning, ground maintenance, tax on maintenance.

Question 29

5- end of life cost ( demolition)?

Answer 29

Essential cost element of building lcc, it refers to the cost associated with disposing an asset at the end of its service life including costs of inspections, deconstruction, demolition, disposing of damp material.

Question 30

Demolition techniques?

Answer 30

1- mechanical demolition
2- deconstruction.
3- hybrid demolition.

Question 31

Mechanical demolition?

Answer 31

Heavily relies on equipment to demolish a building, less time consuming and less labor imtensive than other techniques but high environmental impact and waste.

Question 32

Deconstruction?

Answer 32

More labor-intensive and carefully allows dismantling a building to maximize the recyclable and reusable materials, decreases the amount of waste placed in the environment by the building disposal operations.
Its more environmental friendly and aligned with the sustainable development.
High cost- high labor needs - more time needed.

Question 33

Hybrid demolition?

Answer 33

Combines both mechanical and deconstruction techniques to expedite the demolition process and lower the cost.

Question 34

Building waste volume?

Answer 34

Building waste volume (m3) = building gross area (m2) * 1.2676 (m3/m2)

Question 35

Level of influence on cost?

Answer 35

Ability to influence on project cost decreases as the time of project passes,
Project cost increases with the time.
Uncertainty decreases with the time.

Question 36

Life cycle costing lcc?

Answer 36

Economic assessment of an item, area, system or facility that considers all the significant costs of ownership over its economic life, expressed in term of equivelant dollar.
The method requires estimating the lcc for different alternatives to determine the best design with the lowest lcc over a period of time.
More present value: selected

Question 37

LCC components?

Answer 37

1- building service life.
2- period of analysis.
3- future inflation rate.
4- discount rate (i). Interest.
5- design and construction cost.
6- building operating cost.
7- building maintenance cost.
8- end of life cost.