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Life Science > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are cells?

A

basic unit of structure and function in living things

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2
Q

3 laws of cell theory?

A

all living things are composed of cells, cells are basic unit of structure and function in living things, all cells are produced from other cells

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3
Q

Who discovered plants are made of cells?

A

Mathias Scheilden

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4
Q

who found out all cells come from cells

A

Rudolph Virchow

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4
Q

What did Theodor Schwann do?

A

all animals are made of cells

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5
Q

What is the difference between Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke

A

Leuwenhoek: Single-lens microscope
Hooke: Improved compound microscope

Leeuwenhoek discovered cellls of living things, Hooke did non-living

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6
Q

What do single cells/organisms obtain and get rid of

A

obtain: food water, oxygen
get rid of: Carbon dioxide, wastes, excess water

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7
Q

What does light microscopes do?

A

focus light through lenses to magnify image

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8
Q

What are the improvements of compound microscopes

A

2 or more lenses

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9
Q

what is the condition in which things appear larger than they are

A

magnification

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10
Q

what lens do magnifying glass use

A

convex lens

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11
Q

what are the functions of the cell wall

A

1.protect cell 2.material pass easily (only in plants)

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12
Q

Cell membrane functions

A

forms border between cell and environment

controls which substances pass in and out

prevents harmful materials from entering

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13
Q

Nucleus functions

A

large oval structure in cell

direct all of cells activities

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14
Q

what is the nuclear envelope

A

surrounds nucleus, controls materials that pass through PORES in and out of nucleus.

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15
Q

What the fuck is the chromatin

A

Contains information for directing a cells function

16
Q

Nucleolus functions?

A
  1. Small round structure in nucleus
  2. The place where ribosomes are made
17
Q

What are ribosomes

A

small grain-shaped ORGANELLES that produce proteins.

18
Q

What the fuck is the cytoplasm

A

fills region between cell membrane and nucleus.

Clear gel-like fluid

Carry along nucleus and organelles that have specific jobs

19
Q

WHAT THE FUCK ARE ORGANELLES

A

tiny structures within cells, carry out specific actions.. Nucleus is the largest organelle

20
Q

what the fuck is the mitochondria

A

float in cytoplasm (rod shaped structures)

“powerhouses of a cell”

convert ENERGY stored in FOOD to energy the CELL CAN ACTUALLY USE to live and function

21
Q

WHAT THE FUCK IS THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

A

organelle with network of membranes that produce many substances.

Ribosomes dot some parts of ER, while others float

22
Q

Ribosomes functionsss? FUCKKKK

A

made in nucleolus
produce proteins needed by cells

23
Q

how does the endoplasmic reticulum help ribosomes

A

1.helps ribosomes make proteins
2.newly made proteins leave ER, move to other organelles

24
Q

what the fuck is the LYSOSOME????

A

saclike organelles, break down large food particles into smaller ones.

recycle substances

only in ANIMAL CELLS

25
Q

GOLGI APPARATUS

A
  1. looks like flattened sacks and tubes
  2. cells warehouse
  3. recieve proteins from ER
  4. Package and distribute materials to other parts of the cell or to the outside of the cell
26
Q

WHAT THE FUCK are THE VACUOLES

A

large water like sacks in cytoplasm

in plant cells usually, store water, food needed by cells

also store waste products until removal

27
Q

list 3 examples of unicellular organisms

A

amoeba, bacteria, paramoecium

27
Q

CHLOROPLASTS

A

make leaves green
capture energy from sunlight and change it to a form of energy cells can use in making food

28
Q

what is an element

A

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

29
Q

most elemnts in living things occur in the form of _______

A

compounds

30
Q

what is the smallest unit in compounds

A

molecules

31
Q

what are the organic compounds that living things need

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

Inorganic: waters, minerals (ex sodium)

Life Science (4 decks)

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