Chapter 1 Flashcards by Joneth Jovelo

Off-grid rigs require ways to generate electrical energy

Power System

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Electrical power generators found in rigs typically use
diesel-powered internal combustion engines called______–

“prime
movers”

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_______power motors connected to the draw works,
rotary table, and mud pumps

Prime movers

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Depending on their size and capacity, rigs can have up to
four prime movers delivering power amounting to 3000hp

Power System

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a large pulley system
used to lower and raise
drill string, casing, and
equipment into and out of
the well.

Hoisting System

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Main components:

drilling
line, draw works, crown
block, travelling block,
deadline anchor, and
reserve drum

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Lifts equipment and
drillstrings up and down

Draw works

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Driller-controlled clutch and
gearing system

Draw Works

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Uses brake system when
lowering equipment

Draw Works

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Uses a large revolving drum

Draw Works

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A wire rope called the
is spooled
around the drum

drilling line

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Electric motors and gearing
system runs the drum

Draw Works

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an assembly of sheaves (or
pulleys) over which the drilling
line is reeved

Crownblock:

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mounted on beams at the top
of the derrick

Crownblock:

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It is where the drilling line is
threaded (reeved) over a set of
sheaves down to another set of
sheaves called a

“travelling
block”

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an arrangement of
pulleys through which the
drilling line is reeved

Travelling Block

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Allows the drillstring to
be raised or lowered

Travelling Block

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Can have a fixed or a
mounted hook

Travelling Block

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A large hook with a snap-shut
locking device suspended from
the travelling block

Drilling Hook

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Used to suspend the drillstring

Drilling Hook

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May be used to hang the top
drive

Drilling Hook

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connected to the travelling block.

Elevators

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A set of clamps used when
running or pulling the drillstring or
casing into or out of the hole

Elevators

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a heavy-duty wire rope made out of six strands of
improved plow steel

Drilling Line

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7/8 to 2 inches in diameter

Drilling Line

Part of the drilling line reeled to the drawworks

Fastline

travels with greater velocity than any other portion of the line

Fastline

that part of the drilling line between the crown block and the deadline anchor

Deadline

remains stationary as the travelling block is hoisted

Deadline

securely fastens the deadline to the mast or derrick substructure

Deadline anchor

the greatest wear on the line happens as it passes around the top of the crownblock sheave while raising the drillstring

Hoisting System

______or___________ is performed to maintain a competent drilling line for safe operation

Slip or Slip and cut operatuoion

the travelling block is lowered to the drillfloor; (2) the dead line anchor is unclamped, and (3) some of the reserve line is threaded through the sheaves on the travelling block and crown block onto the drawworks drum

Slip Operation

done if the drawworks drum is full; (1) the travelling block is lowered to the drillfloor; (2) the dead line anchor is unclamped, and (3) the line on the drawworks is unwound and discarded before the reserve line is threaded through the system onto the drawworks drum

Slip and cut operation

A closed hydraulic circuit allowing the mud to flow from the surface to the bottom of the hole, inside the drill string, and subsequently back to the surface;

Circulating System

Consists of mud pumps, distribution lines, and the mud cleaning and accumulation system;

Circulating System

Includes series of equipment for removing solids and gases from the mud as it flows from the well back to the active pit before being reinjected into the hole;

Circulating System

Mud pumps supply the energy necessary for circulation.

Circulating System

located at the start of the circulating system near the mud pumps where drlling fluid is initially prepared, and maintained depending on well bore conditions

Preparation Area

Preparation areas contains

Steel Mud Tanks/ Mud Pits Bulk Mud Component Storage/ Mud House/ Sack Room Bulk Tanks Mud Mixing Hopper Reserve Pit Sand Trap Settling Tanks Suction Tanks Slug Tank Chemical Tank

Circulating Equipment

specialized equipment for moving the drilling fluid from the preparation area down the borehole and back to the active mud pit

Eaxamples of Circuilationg Equipment

Mud Pump Discharge Line Standpipe Rotary Hose/ Kelly Hose Annulus Mud Return Line/ Flow

Station dedicated for decontaminating and conditioning drilling fluids brought out of the well bore

Conditioning Area

Conditioning equipment include:

Shale Shaker Desander Desilter Degasser

Any pit not part of the active (circulatory) system.

Reserve Mud Pit/ Mud Tank

In operations on land, the reserve pit is usually a plastic-lined, earthen pit, in which waste mud is stored until final disposal.

Reserve Mud Pit/ Mud Tank

The reserve pit may be used to store spare or waste mud, base oil or brine.

Reserve Mud Pit/ Mud Tank

Powered by a centrifugal pump that moves the mud at high velocity through a venturi nozzle (jet) below the conical-shaped hopper;

Mud Mixing Hopper/ Mud Hopper/ Jet Hopper

A mud-flow device for funneling materials are put into the circulating mud system;

Mud Mixing Hopper/ Mud Hopper/ Jet Hopper

Dry materials are added through the mud hopper to provide dispersion, rapid hydration, and uniform mixing;

Mud Mixing Hopper/ Mud Hopper/ Jet Hopper

Liquids are sometimes fed into the mud by a hose placed in the hopper.

Mud Mixing Hopper/ Mud Hopper/ Jet Hopper

a drilling mud filled open steel or earthen berm tank that is not stirred or circulated;

Settling Tank/ Settling Pit

Somewhat cleans mud by letting it pass slowly and allowing solids to settle;

Settling Tank/ Settling Pit

A major drawback to this type of "cleaning" is that solids intentionally put into the mud, such as barite, may settle to the bottom and be discarded rather than circulated back into the wellbore.

Settling Tank/ Settling Pit

A small pit, typically located immediately after the shaker screens, which is used as a settling pit to separate coarser solids that accidentally bypass the shakers;

Sand Trap

Mud enters the pit at one side and exits via an overflow at the other;

Sand Trap

They are dumped periodically to remove the settled solids, or alternatively the contents can be processed over a fine screen or with a centrifuge.

Sand Trap

Small compartment, normally adjacent to the suction compartment, used to mix special fluids to pump downhole;

Slug Tank

Most commonly used to prepare a small volume of weighted drilling fluid before a drillstem trip in and out of the borehole.

Slug Tank

Used for mixing special chemicals like caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) before it is placed in the active mud tank

Chemical Tank

Positive displacement type pumps are used (reciprocating pistons) to deliver the high volumes and high pressures required to circulate mud through the drillstring and up the annulus;

Mud Pumps

Duplex (2 cylinders) -

double acting

Triplex (3 cylinders) -

single acting

At least TWO pumps are installed on the rig;

Mud Pumps

At shallow depths they are usually connected in parallel to deliver high flow rates;

Mud Pumps

Single-acting pumps (i.e., Triplex pump) discharge on either the forward or return stroke of the piston or plunger; every cycle of the pump displaces only one volume of liquid.

Single acting

As the well goes deeper the pumps may act in series to provide high pressure and lower flowrates.

Mud Pumps

In double-acting pumps (i.e., Duplex pumps), liquid is discharged on both the forward and return stroke of the piston.

double acting

are generally used in offshore rigs and duplex pumps on land rigs;

Triplex pumps

are only single-acting; can be either single- or double-acting.

Plunger pumps Piston Pumps

have two cylinders and are double-acting (i.e. pump on the up-stroke and the down-stroke).

Duplex pumps

A positive-displacement reciprocating pump that is configured with three plungers;

Triplex Pumps

The most common configuration of pump used in both drilling and well service operations;

Triplex Pumps

Capable of handling a wide range of fluid types, including corrosive fluids, abrasive fluids and slurries containing relatively large particulates.

Triplex Pumps

Commonly used on workover rigs, that has two plungers or pistons;

Duplex Pumps

As a positive-reciprocating pump, the fluid flow rate is typically calculated from the number of strokes per minute that the pump makes and the displacement volume per stroke;

Duplex Pumps

Such a level of accuracy usually is sufficient for general workover purposes.

Duplex Pumps

Line connecting the pump to a series of tubulars and equipment to feed drilling fluids into the wellbore.

Discharge Line

Advantage of Triplex Pumps

Easier, Faster Maintenance Cost Less to operate