Chapter 1

Question 1

What was the feudal system?

Answer 1

The system of political organization during the Middle Ages in which the lord owned the land and all others served him.

A system during the middle age, & the lord owned the land, & people.

Question 2

How was the feudal system structured? Who held the most power? The least?

Answer 2

The feudal system was structured, by a Hierarchy. and the order from most important to least important is,

1) The Crown,
2) Nobles and Bishops,
3) Knights,
4) Peasants.

Question 3

How was the life of a serf different from the life of a freeman? How was it similar?

Answer 3

The life of Serfs:
- they had less freedom.
- They were not allowed to leave the manor unless granted permission.
- Were not paid for their work.

The life of Freeman:
- Freemen rented land from a lord, and had worked for there pay.
- They could leave the manor and generally had more freedom in how they chose to live there lifes.
The similarity’s where:
- they are both part of the peasant class.
- they were both unegecated.

Question 4

What was the role of women in medieval society?

Answer 4

Women held the positions of wife, mother, peasant, artisan, and nun, as well as some important leadership roles, such as abbess or queen regnant.

Question 5

What was a guild?

Answer 5

• Guilds are defined as associations of craftsmen and merchants formed to promote the economic interests of their members as well as to provide protection and mutual aid.
• The production of goods and trade in towns was
  arranged into organizations called guilds.
• Guilds were responsible for:
  ○ Controlling the prices of goods.
  ○ Setting standards of quality.
  ○ Deciding who could become an apprentice of a
  craft.
  ○ Protecting its members in case of injury or illness.

Question 6

What factors resulted in the fall of the feudal system?

Answer 6

The feudal system fell apart because nobles had to rent their land to the serfs and the serfs were released from their duties. The people of power were no longer in control over the peasants. Over time, the development of more accurate mechanical clocks became more urgent.

Question 7

Why did people start to lose faith in God, and the Catholic Church as an institution?

Answer 7

because they thought that god could only bring god things into the world and god had now brought the black death in to the world that had killied so many people.

Question 8

What was a sumptuary law?

Answer 8

Laws that controlled consumption or how people spent their money.

Question 9

What was the Black Plague? How did it affect different groups in medieval Europe?

Answer 9

• The effects of the Black Death were many and varied. Trade suffered for a time, and wars were temporarily abandoned. Many labourers died, which devastated families through lost means of survival and caused personal suffering; landowners who used labourers as tenant farmers were also affected.
• widespread persecution of minorities such as Jews, foreigners, beggars, and lepers.
• The effects of the Black Death were many and varied. Trade suffered for a time, and wars were temporarily abandoned. Many labourers died, which devastated families through lost means of survival and caused personal suffering; landowners who used labourers as tenant farmers were also affected.

Question 10

In what ways had society begun to change towards the end of the Middle Ages?

Answer 10

• The breakup of feudal structures, the strengthening of city-states in Italy, and the emergence of national monarchies in Spain, France, and England, as well as such cultural developments as the rise of secular education, culminated in the birth of a self-consciously new age with a new spirit, one that looked all the.
• There is no universally-agreed-upon end date; the most frequently-used dates include 1453 , 1492 , and 1517.

Question 11

Who held power within the Church hierarchy?

Answer 11

Pope. The highest honour a member of the clergy can receive is to be elected as the leader of the Catholic Church. The Pope is elected by cardinals under the age of 8- following the death or resignation of a Pope. There is no limit to how many years a Pope may hold his office.

Question 12

Who was part of the new “middle class”?

Answer 12

• Merchants and Business people.
• Craftspeople.
• Shopkeepers.
• Bankers.
• Priests and lower Church officials.

Question 13

Hierarchy

Answer 13

A social system in which status is ranked, and power is concentrated in the higher ranks.

A system in which status was ranked.

Question 14

Allegiance

Answer 14

Loyalty.

Respect

Question 15

Manors

Answer 15

A piece of land, sometimes called a fief.

A spot of land called a Fief.

Question 16

Freeman

Answer 16

Peasants who rented land or worked for pay.

Peasants who would rent land, or worked for pay.

Question 17

Serfs

Answer 17

Peasants who worked the land for the lord and were not allowed to leave the manor without the lord’s permission.

Peasants who worked the land for the lord and had to ask their lord’s permissions to leave.

Question 18

Monastery

Answer 18

Building and lands in which monks lived and carried out their religious duties.

Building and lands in which monks lived and did their religious responsibilities.

Question 19

Journeymen

Answer 19

A person who has learned a trade and joined a guild.

Someone who has learned a trade and/ or has joined a guild.

Question 20

Sumptuary Lews

Answer 20

Laws that controlled consumption or how people spent their money.

Lew’s that controlled stuff.

Question 21

Tithe

Answer 21

A portion of crops or percentage of earnings paid to the Church.

The earning of the church, or a portion of corps.