Chapter 1 Flashcards
is a specialization within the field of nutrition that partners closely with the study of the human body and exercise science. Sports nutrition can be defined as the application of nutrition knowledge to a practical daily eating plan focused on providing the fuel for physical activity, facilitating the repair and rebuilding process following hard physical work, and optimizing athletic performance in competitive events, while also promoting overall health and wellness.
Sports Nutrition
requires use of nutrition guidelines and dietary practices that have been documented as being effective through peer-reviewed research.
Evidence-based Practitioner
is a healthcare professional trained to provide food and nutrition information to the public
Registered Dietician or registered Dietician Nutritionist
may or may not have the same background as a dietitian. Anyone can claim to be a nutritionist without proving background, degrees, or certifications. In the job market, including the area of sports nutrition, employers look for individuals who are RDs. Likewise, athletes are seeking out credentialed, registered dietitians vs self-proclaimed nutritionists for nutrition guidance.
Nutritionist
The six nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water and are classified as_________ nutrients
essential
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are classified as
Macronutrients
Carbohydrates are converted into______ in the body, providing the main source of fuel (4 calories per gram of carbohydrate) for all physical activity
glucose
What is the building block of protein?
Amino Acids
Carbohydrates- ___ cal per gram
Proteins-____ Cal per gram
Fats-______Cal per gram
Carbohydrate-4cal
Proteins-4 cal per gram
Fats-9cal per gram
are also known as lipids, and they come from both plant and animal sources in our diet.
Fats
are also known as lipids, and they come from both plant and animal sources in our diet.
Fats
What are the two main requirements for a substance to be classified as a vitamin?
First, the substance must be consumed exogenously because the body cannot produce it or cannot produce it in sufficient quantities to meet its needs. Second, the substance must be essential to at least one vital chemical reaction or process in the human body.
B vitamins and vitamin C are classified as
water-soluble
vitamins A, D, E, and K are classified as
fat-soluble
Minerals are also a large group of nutrients. They are composed of a variety of elements; What do they lack?
Carbon
In athletics, water is important for…?
temperature regulation, lubrication of joints, and the transport of nutrients to active tissues
The body derives its energy from foods ingested daily. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are known as the __________because they serve as the body’s source for energy. These energy nutrients are quite literally chemicals that have energy trapped within the bonds between the atoms of which they are made. The energy trapped within these nutrients is released when metabolic pathways within the cells break down the foods into their constituent parts: carbon dioxide and water. Some of the energy released is conserved or captured and used to make another high-energy chemical called ________ The rest of the energy is lost as heat. ATP is the body’s direct source of energy for cellular work. Without a constant source of ATP, muscles would not be able to generate force, and thus, athletes would not be able to move or perform any physical activity.
Energy Nutrients
ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate
Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
Umbrella term for all nutrient classifications, including RDA, EAR, AI, and UL.
Average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly an entire (i.e., 98%) healthy population. The established ____can vary based on life stage, including age; gender; and, if appropriate, pregnancy and lactation.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
Daily intake level of a vitamin or mineral estimated to meet the requirements, as defined by a specified indicator of adequacy in half of the healthy individuals within a life stage or gender group.
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
Intake recommendation when insufficient scientific evidence is available to calculate an EAR/RDA. AI values are based on intake data of healthy individuals. However, the results of studies regarding the nutrient in question are not conclusive enough or more study is required before an EAR/RDA can be established.
Adequate Intake (AI)
The highest level of daily nutrient intake that poses no adverse health effects for almost all individuals in the general population. At intakes above the UL, the risk of adverse effects increases.
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
Calcium and osteoporosis: Adequate calcium may reduce the risk_________
osteoporosis
Sodium and hypertension (high blood pressure): Low-sodium diets may help
lower blood pressure
Dietary fat and cancer: Low-fat diets decrease the risk for some
types of cancer
Dietary saturated fat and cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease: Diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol decrease the risk for
heart disease
Diets low in fat and rich in soluble fiber may reduce the risk of
heart disease
Adequate folate status before and early in pregnancy may reduce the risk of neural tube defects
Birth Defects
Foods sweetened with sugar alcohols, D-tagatose, and sucralose do not promote
tooth decay
