Chapter 1

Question 1

is a specialization within the field of nutrition that partners closely with the study of the human body and exercise science. Sports nutrition can be defined as the application of nutrition knowledge to a practical daily eating plan focused on providing the fuel for physical activity, facilitating the repair and rebuilding process following hard physical work, and optimizing athletic performance in competitive events, while also promoting overall health and wellness.

Answer 1

Sports Nutrition

Question 2

requires use of nutrition guidelines and dietary practices that have been documented as being effective through peer-reviewed research.

Answer 2

Evidence-based Practitioner

Question 3

is a healthcare professional trained to provide food and nutrition information to the public

Answer 3

Registered Dietician or registered Dietician Nutritionist

Question 4

may or may not have the same background as a dietitian. Anyone can claim to be a nutritionist without proving background, degrees, or certifications. In the job market, including the area of sports nutrition, employers look for individuals who are RDs. Likewise, athletes are seeking out credentialed, registered dietitians vs self-proclaimed nutritionists for nutrition guidance.

Answer 4

Nutritionist

Question 5

The six nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water and are classified as_________ nutrients

Answer 5

essential

Question 6

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are classified as

Answer 6

Macronutrients

Question 7

Carbohydrates are converted into______ in the body, providing the main source of fuel (4 calories per gram of carbohydrate) for all physical activity

Answer 7

glucose

Question 8

What is the building block of protein?

Answer 8

Amino Acids

Question 9

Carbohydrates- ___ cal per gram
Proteins-____ Cal per gram
Fats-______Cal per gram

Answer 9

Carbohydrate-4cal
Proteins-4 cal per gram
Fats-9cal per gram

Question 10

are also known as lipids, and they come from both plant and animal sources in our diet.

Answer 10

Fats

Question 11

are also known as lipids, and they come from both plant and animal sources in our diet.

Answer 11

Fats

Question 12

What are the two main requirements for a substance to be classified as a vitamin?

Answer 12

First, the substance must be consumed exogenously because the body cannot produce it or cannot produce it in sufficient quantities to meet its needs. Second, the substance must be essential to at least one vital chemical reaction or process in the human body.

Question 13

B vitamins and vitamin C are classified as

Answer 13

water-soluble

Question 14

vitamins A, D, E, and K are classified as

Answer 14

fat-soluble

Question 15

Minerals are also a large group of nutrients. They are composed of a variety of elements; What do they lack?

Answer 15

Carbon

Question 16

In athletics, water is important for…?

Answer 16

temperature regulation, lubrication of joints, and the transport of nutrients to active tissues

Question 17

The body derives its energy from foods ingested daily. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are known as the __________because they serve as the body’s source for energy. These energy nutrients are quite literally chemicals that have energy trapped within the bonds between the atoms of which they are made. The energy trapped within these nutrients is released when metabolic pathways within the cells break down the foods into their constituent parts: carbon dioxide and water. Some of the energy released is conserved or captured and used to make another high-energy chemical called ________ The rest of the energy is lost as heat. ATP is the body’s direct source of energy for cellular work. Without a constant source of ATP, muscles would not be able to generate force, and thus, athletes would not be able to move or perform any physical activity.

Answer 17

Energy Nutrients
ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 18

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

Answer 18

Umbrella term for all nutrient classifications, including RDA, EAR, AI, and UL.

Question 19

Average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly an entire (i.e., 98%) healthy population. The established ____can vary based on life stage, including age; gender; and, if appropriate, pregnancy and lactation.

Answer 19

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Question 20

Daily intake level of a vitamin or mineral estimated to meet the requirements, as defined by a specified indicator of adequacy in half of the healthy individuals within a life stage or gender group.

Answer 20

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Question 21

Intake recommendation when insufficient scientific evidence is available to calculate an EAR/RDA. AI values are based on intake data of healthy individuals. However, the results of studies regarding the nutrient in question are not conclusive enough or more study is required before an EAR/RDA can be established.

Answer 21

Adequate Intake (AI)

Question 22

The highest level of daily nutrient intake that poses no adverse health effects for almost all individuals in the general population. At intakes above the UL, the risk of adverse effects increases.

Answer 22

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Question 23

Calcium and osteoporosis: Adequate calcium may reduce the risk_________

Answer 23

osteoporosis

Question 24

Sodium and hypertension (high blood pressure): Low-sodium diets may help

Answer 24

lower blood pressure

Question 25

Dietary fat and cancer: Low-fat diets decrease the risk for some

Answer 25

types of cancer

Question 26

Dietary saturated fat and cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease: Diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol decrease the risk for

Answer 26

heart disease

Question 27

Diets low in fat and rich in soluble fiber may reduce the risk of

Answer 27

heart disease

Question 28

Adequate folate status before and early in pregnancy may reduce the risk of neural tube defects

Answer 28

Birth Defects

Question 29

Foods sweetened with sugar alcohols, D-tagatose, and sucralose do not promote

Answer 29

tooth decay