Chapter 1 Flashcards
Introduction to General Ethics and Ethical Values
a set of standards by which a particular group decides to regulate its behavior. It is a system of moral principles by which human actions and proposals may be judged as good or bad
Ethics
rules for right conduct for all individuals
Morals
consists of a group of people organized to serve a body of specialized knowledge in the interests of a society. At the center of a profession is a set of skills, proficiencies, techniques and competencies involving a line of work.
It referred to a free act of commitment to a way of life. The act or fact of professing – when a person occupies a special social role that carries with it stringent moral requirements.
Profession
As a set of principles that serve to guide the professionals in their daily work. It is more than a minimum standard of conduct and requires that the professionals to who the codes are aimed engage with them and develop a personal position/stand
Code of Ethics
The profession in which the knowledge of the mathematical and physical sciences gained by study, experience and practice with judgment to develop ways to utilize economics, materials and forces of nature for the progressive well-being of human kind.
Engineers
Approaches to Ethics
Meta-ethics
Normative Ethics
Applied Ethics
deals with the nature of moral judgement, looks at the origins and meaning of ethical principles
Meta-ethics
is concerned with the content of moral judgement and the criteria for what is right or wrong.
Normative Ethics
looks at controversial topics
Applied ethics
A Socratic Account of Professionalism (based on Greek philosopher Socrates as proposed by philosopher Michael Davis)
A profession is a number of individuals in the same occupation voluntarily organized to earn a living by openly serving a moral ideal in a morally permissible way beyond what law, market, morality, and public opinion would otherwise require. Thus, a profession should: ______
a. Cannot be composed of only one person, rather composed of a number of individuals
b. Involves a public element – should openly “profess” to be a professional (engineer, physician, etc.)
c. It is a way people earn a living and something that occupies them during their working hours
d. It is something that people enter into voluntarily and that they can leave voluntarily
e. It advocates of the social practice approach – serves morally praiseworthy goal by morally permissible means
Key Characteristics of Modern Profession
a. substantial intellectual and practical training
b. provision of a specialized skill and service
c. high degree of professional autonomy and responsibility
d. an occupational organization controlling the profession
e. embargoes/restrictions on methods of attracting business
f. a trust relationship with the client
an occupation that is primarily oriented toward making a profit within the boundaries set by law (regulations imposed by law)
Business Model
an occupation that have an implicit trust relationship with the larger public – trust relationship means as “social contract” with the public, are that professionals agree to regulate their practice so that it promotes the public good.
Professional Model
Three Types of Ethics or Morality Common
Morality
Personal Morality
Professional Ethic
is the set of moral beliefs shared by almost everyone. It is the basis or at least the reference point compare to other types of morality
Morality
is the set of moral beliefs that a person holds. This is closely parallel the precepts of common morality.
Personal Morality
the set of standards adopted by professional in so far as they view themselves acting as professionals. It is usually stated in a formal code. It is focus on the issues that are important in that profession.
Professional Ethic
is the moral right to exercise professional judgment in pursuing professional responsibilities and duties.
The right of professional conscience
This is the right of professional for their work and accomplishments which involves fair monetary remuneration, and nonmonetary forms of recognition.
Right of Recognition
These are any rights, moral or legal that involves the status of being an employee.
Employee Rights
This is a right to pursue outside activities can be thought as a right to personal privacy in the sense that is means the right to have a private life off the job.
Privacy Right
– It is the unwanted imposition of sexual requirements in the context of a relationship of unequal power. Right to equal opportunity: nondiscrimination – It relates to sex, color, age, or political or religious outlook or affiliations.
Right to equal opportunity; preventing sexual harassment
– It is giving preference or advantage to a member of a group that in the past was denied equal treatment, in particular, women and minorities (indigenous people) or people with disabilities.
Right to equal opportunity: affirmative action
headed by the president, enforces the laws
Executive branch
made up of the House of Representatives and Senate (collectively called Congress) - makes the laws
Legislative Branch
(through the Supreme Court and lower courts established by Congress), also called the judiciary, interprets the laws.
The Judicial Branch
CONTRACTORS’ LICENSE LAW. AN ACT CREATING THE PHILIPPINE LICENSING BOARD FOR CONTRACTORS, PRESCRIBING ITS POWERS, DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS, PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFORE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
RA 4566
CREATING THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES (CIAP)
PD 1746
DEVELOPING AND REGULATING THE OVERSEAS CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY, PROVIDING INCENTIVES THEREFORE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
PD 1167
GOVERNMENT REFORM ACT - AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE MODERNIZATION, STANDARIZATION AND REGULATION OF THE PROCUREMENT ACTIVITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT
RA 9184
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE. IMPLEMENTING RULES AND
REGULATIONS
PD 1096
FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
PD 1185
CODE ON SANITATION OF THE PHILIPPINES. IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS
PD 856
ACCESSIBILITY LAW: IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS - AN ACT TO ENHANCE THE MOBILITY OF DISABLED PERSONS BY REQUIRING CERTAIN BUILDINGS, INSTITUTIONS, ESTABLISHMENTS AND PUBLIC UTILITIES TO INSTALL FACILITIES AND OTHER DEVICES
BP 344
THE CIVIL ENGINEERING LAW. AN ACT TO REGULATE THE PRACTICE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN THE PHILIPPINES
RA 544
covers the roads, highways, bridges, airports, structure, irrigation, tunnel, water supply, and offshore engineering.
General engineering
covers the industrial plant, sewage system, park, and water treatment system.
General Building
covers the foundation work, waterproofing, and communication facilities.
Specialty
lowest financial capacity requirement which is 10,000 pesos
Trade
large B: 225 million above is the single largest project allowable ranges of contract costs is above 450 million
AAA
large A: 150 million up to 225 million; up to 450 million
AA
medium B: 75 million up to 150 million; up to 300 million
A
medium A: 15 million up to 75 million; up to 150 million
B
small B: ≤ 15 million; up to 30 million
C&D
small A; up to 1 million
Trade
Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1167 (Developing and Regulating the Overseas Construction Industry, Providing Incentives Therefore, and for Other Purposes) dated 27 June 1977, otherwise known as the “Overseas Construction Incentives Decree” – created the Philippine Overseas Construction Board (POCB) and placed under the control and supervision of the Office of the President. The PD provided incentives for duly registered Filipino overseas contractors, i.e. (a) tax credit; (b) deduction from gross overseas income; or at their option (c) pay one and one- half percent (1½%) tax on their overseas gross income. PD No. 1746 (Creating the Construction Industry Authority of the Philippines) dated 28 November 1980 – created the CIAP to promote, accelerate and regulate the growth and development of the construction industry in conformity with national goals.
A. Construction Industry Association of the Philippines (CIAP)
R.A. 4566 as amended by P.D. No. 1746 provides that no contractor (including sub- contractor and specialty contractor) shall engage in the business of contracting without first having secured a PCAB license to conduct business. It is an offense to engage in contracting business without a license first being obtained. All architects and engineers preparing plans and specifications for work to be contracted in the Philippines shall stipulate in their invitation to bidders, whether a resident of the Philippines or not, and in their specifications that it will be necessary for any bidder, whether contractor, sub-contractor, or specialty contractor, to have a license before his bid is considered. The purpose of the Contractor’s License Law (R.A. 4566) is to ensure, for the safety of the public, that only qualified and reliable contractors can undertake construction in the country.
B. Philippine Construction Accreditation Board (PCAB)
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. The primary purpose of this law is to protect buyers’ welfare from all types of real estate misrepresentations. The state has passed to resolve the numerous fraudulent reports about real estate problems in the country.
PD 957
