Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is the purpose of science?
the purpose of science is carefully observing nature, discovering the laws of creation, and using those laws for mankind’s benefit.
Define biology.
the study of living things.
What term refers to living things?
biology refers to living things
What is the study of the shape and structure of organisms?
anatomy
List the five main characteristics found in all living things.
Organized structure, Growth, Response to changes, Reproduction, Metabolism.
Define homeostasis
To survive, organism or cell must maintain a stable internal condition.
What process, which combines nutrients which oxygen to produce ATP, is the first step in metabolism in humans and many other organisms?
The first step in metabolism is converting the energy from nutrients into a form the cells can use, a chemical called ATP.
Define flora
means plant life.
Define fauna
means animal life.
What is an environment found on land called?
an environment found on land is a terrestrial.
Give the term for an organism’s home in an environment.
the home of an organism is a habitat
What time of the day is best of observing a nocturnal animal?
night time is the best time to observe nocturnal animals.
What type of habitat does an animal that lives in trees inhabit?
arboreal is a habitat where an animal that lives in trees live.
List the four things that trackers can use to identify tracks?
size, number of toes, claw marks, and movements.
Define aquatic
a water environment.
List three freshwater environments.
ponds, lakes,rivers.
What are the hot springs found on the ocean floor called?
hydrothermal vents.
Define taxonomy
science of classification
Who was the first to clearly define the idea of species?
John Ray
What is the primary basis for classifying living things?
body structure
Who was the Father of Taxonomy?
Carolus Linnaeus
What two scientific languages did Linnaeus use in this classification system?
Latin and Latinized Greek
Why do scientists prefer an organism’s scientific name over its common name?
Common names vary regionally, and some can refer to more then one species.
Who was the Father of the Scientific M
ethod?
Sir Francis Bacon
What is the scientific term for a sensible explanation to a problem?
hypothesis
List the three main parts of the scientific method.
observing, hypothesizing, experimenting
Give the term for the factors in an experiment that are the same in all groups?
controlled variables
What type of variable is observed to determine the results of an experiment?
dependent variables
Differentiate between an experimental group and a control group.
experimental group-group on which a test is performed.
control group-group in which the independent variable is absent.
Why is it necessary to repeat an experiment several times to accurately test a hypothesis?
A single experiment cannot provide enough evidence to support a conclusion.
Why must scientists have practical understanding of logic?
Scientists use logic to develop hypotheses and evaluate experiments.
What form of reasoning is used to develop hypotheses? To make predictions based on a hypothesis?
inductive reasoning; deductive reasoning
What term refers to anything that provides a partial representation of something else?
model.
Define organism
living things
Define homeostasis
the process by which an organism maintains a stable internal environment, despite changes in its external environment.
Define metabolism and cellular respiration
To survive, an organism or cells must maintain a stable internal condition.
Define environment
An environment is everything surrounding the organism being studied.
Define terrestrial
environments on land, like meadows.
Define habitat
The home of an organism.
Define diurnal, nocturnal
Diurnal means active during day and nocturnal mean active during night.
Define arboreal
Animals that live in trees
Define aquatic, freshwater, and marine
water environments, ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams are freshwater environments, environments in the sea and ocean.
Define intertidal zone, and tide pool
the area between the highest and lowest points that the tide reaches.
Define hydrothermal vent
Hydrothermal vents raise the temperature of the surrounding water while the rest of the ocean remains near freezing.
Define taxonomy
the science of classification.
Define scientific method
is a way for scientist to gather and pursue scientific knowledge.
Define hypothesis, data, theory, and law
events in nature and creating a sensible explanation, nature in an organized way, If a theory has never been proven false, scientist call it a law.
Define experimental group
the group on which a test is performed.
Define control group
a group in which the independent variables is absent.
Define inference
a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence.
Identify the five main branches of biology
Zoology, Botany, Ecology, Human anatomy and physiology, Microbiology.
Identify the five main characteristics common to all living things
Organized structure, Growth, Response to changes, Reproduction, Metabolism.
Identify the five rules to follow during science labs
Dress appropriately, Dispose of waste properly, Follow instructions, Follow instructions, Know your safety symbols and equipment.
Identify the seven main levels of taxonomy from least specific to most specific
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
Identify the scientist who introduced the scientific method
Sir Francis Bacon.
Identify the three main parts of any scientific method
observing, hypothesizing, experimenting
What is the purpose of Science?
the purpose of science is carefully observing nature, discovering the laws of creation, and using those laws for mankind’s benefit.
Why are nutrients and water important to the process of metabolism?
they serve as the building blocks and medium for all chemical reactions that occur within the body, allowing for the breakdown of food into energy and the synthesis of new molecules needed for bodily functions.
What is the meaning of exothermic, macrophage, hypodermis, and cytoskeleton?
the release of heat, A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills micro organisms, the bottom layer of skin, The large network consisting of protein fibers and other molecules
Contrast the three types of symmetry.
Bilateral symmetry, radial symmetry, asymmetry.
How can identifying animals tracks help aid in the study of living things?
identifying tracks can identify the species, individual size, travel patterns and particular movement of an animal.
When performing an investigation, what should you do after completing your experiments?
analyze your data, draw conclusions based on the results, and communicate your findings by writing a report that details your methods, results, and interpretations.
Why is it important for scientist to separately test a hypothesis?
to ensure that the results are reliable and not influenced by other variables.
What is the main distinction between deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning?
deductive reasoning moves from general principles to specific conclusions, while inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to general conclusions.
