Chapter 1 Flashcards
Why is newborn resuscitation typically needed?
Respiratory failure
What is the status of the pulmonary vessels of the baby before birth?
Vessels are constricted and the alveoli are fluid filled
What is the most important/effective step in NRP?
Ventilating the baby’s lungs
What are the three keys to NRP success?
Teamwork, communication and leadership
Stats: What is the typical transition for MOST baby’s like?
85% of TERM newborns will begin breathing within 30 seconds of birth
Stats: What do 10% of baby’s need in order to transition to life?
Drying and stimulation
Stats: What will 5% of baby’s receive in order to transition to life outside of the womb?
Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV)
Stats: What percent of term baby’s are intubated?
2%
Explain the main difference in reasons for resus of an adult vs resus of a baby?
Adult: heart is faulty - typically r/t coronary artery disease (narrowing or blockage of the arteries) - requires blood to continue to be pumped via compressions until defib/meds can be accessed
Baby: heart is healthy
Explain normal fetal blood circulation in simple terms
AVA = one vein, two arteries
Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from placenta to the baby
Umbillical arteries carry blood back to the placenta that needs to be replenished/oxygenated
What is the ductus arteriosus and what does it do? Where would blood normally go?
Connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. It shunts blood from the right ventricle (high pressure) into the aorta (lower pressure).
Blood normally goes from the right ventricle into the pulmonary circulation to get oxygenated by the lungs. But since the placenta provides oxygen + no gas exchange is happening in the lungs, THIS IS NOT NECESSARY.
What is hypoxic vasoconstriction and how does it relate to the fetus in utero?
This is when low levels of oxygen in the lungs leads to constriction of the pulmonary blood vessels so that blood is directed to areas of the lungs with greater oxygenation. This is a physiologic process.
In the newborn this is important because this state of hypoxic vasoconstriction is normal in the fetus (alveoli virtually contain no oxygen). which creates a high pulmonary arterial pressure + high right sided pressure
What is the ductus venosus?
Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava.
What is the foramen ovale?
Opening between the right and left atriums; shunts blood from the right atrium (high pressure) to the left atrium (low pressure).
What is the result of the redirection of blood with the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus?
Virtually no blood going into the pulmonary circuit – keeps the state of hypoxic vasoconstriction, which maintains these pressure differences between the right and left sides
