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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

6000BC

A

Yeast was utilized to prepare beer

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2
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

4000BC

A

A process was discovered to prepare leavened bread by means of yeast

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3
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

3500BC

A
  • Another ancient product of fermentation was wine made in Assyria
  • Chinese developed a fermentation technique for brewing and cheese making
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4
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

500BCE

A

In China, the first antibiotic moldy soybean curd was put to use to treat boils.

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5
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

400BC

A

Hippocrates treated patients with vinegar.

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6
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

100BCE

A

Rome had over 250 bakeries which were making leavened bread.

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7
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

100AD

A

The first insecticide was produced in china using chrysanthemums

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8
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

700AD

A

The use of molds to saccharify rice in the koji process
- Saccharify: means to convert a substance, typically starch, into sugar through a chemical process, often involving enzymes or acids.

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9
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

1000AD

A

Hindus recognized that some illness may run in the family.

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10
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

1663
Robert Hooke

A

First described cells

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11
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

Who first described cells in the year 1663?

A

Robert Hooke

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12
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

1673-1723
He discovered microorganisms by examining scrappings from his teeth under a microscope.

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

-Additional info: He is also often referred to as the “Father of microbiology”.

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13
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

1675

A

Leeuwenhoek discovers protozoa and bacteria

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14
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

1701
He found that the deliberate administration of smallpox could prevent it occurrence daily in life especially in children.

A

Giacomo Pylarani

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15
Q

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

1761
He pioneered vaccination, inoculating a child with viral smallpox vaccine.
- Inoculate: to introduce a vaccine, serum, or other substances in the body to produce immunity to a disease.

A

Edward Jenner

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16
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)

1773
He discovered nucleus in cells.

A

Robert Brown

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17
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1802

A

The word “Biology” first appears.

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18
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)

1822-1895
Vaccination against smallpox and rabies was developed by_______ &________?

A

Edward Jenner & Louis Pasteur

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19
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1850
He detected rod-shaped objects in the blood of anthrax-infected sheep and was able to produce the disease in healthy sheep by inoculation of such blood

A

Casimir Davaine

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20
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1855

A bacterium that was discovered and later becomes a major research, development, and production tool for biotechnology.

A

Escherichia coli

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21
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1855

A

Pasteur works with yeast, eventually proving they are living organisms.

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22
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1855

A

Pasteur works with yeast, eventually proving they are living organisms.

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23
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1863
He discovered genes while working with peas. He lays the groundwork for modern genetics by establishing the principles of inheritance.

A

Gregor Mendel

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24
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1870

A

-Breeders crossbreed cotton, developing hundreds of varieties with superior qualities.

-The first experimental corn hybrid is produced in a laboratory

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25
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
They finally demolished the concept of spontaneous generation and proved that existing microbial life came from preexisting life.

A

Pasteur of France and John Tyndall of Britain

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26
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1876

A

Koch’s work led to the acceptance of the idea that specific diseases were caused by specific organisms, each of which had a specific form and function.

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27
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1881
He is a German physician who described bacterial colonies growing on potato slices (First ever solid medium).

A

Robert Koch

28
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1878

He Investigate the process of cell division and called it “mitosis”. Father of Cytogenetics

A

Walter Flemming

29
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)

1888
He is a German scientist,
coined the term “Chromosome”

A

Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz

30
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1909

A
  • The term ‘Gene’ had already been coined by Wilhelm Johannsen who described ‘gene’ as carrier of heredity.
    • Johannsen also coined the terms “genotype’ and ‘phenotype.”

-Genes are linked with hereditary disorders.

31
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1909
He is an American pathologist who discovers the first cancer-causing virus

A

Peyton Rous

32
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1915

A

Phages, or bacterial viruses, are discovered by French Canadian biologist Félix d’Héralle

33
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1924

A

Start of Eugenic Movement in the US.

34
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1926

A

Morgan published The Theory of the Gene. This was based on Mendelian genetics (breeding investigations and optical microscopy)

35
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1928

A

Frederick Griffiths observed the transforming principle’ in which a rough type of bacterium is transformed to a smooth type when a mysterious ‘transforming element from the smooth type is present.

36
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)

After 16 years, ___________ discovered that ‘transforming element’ to be DNA

A

Oswald Theodore Avery

37
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1928

A

Alexander Fleming discovered ‘penicillin’ the antibacterial toxin from the mold Penicillium notatum, which could be used against many infectious diseases.

38
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1933

A

Hybrid corn is commercialized

39
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1941

A

The term “genetic engineering” is first used by a Danish microbiologist

40
Q

Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1942

A

The electron microscope is used to identify and characterize a bacteriophage

41
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)
1950s

A

The first synthetic antibiotic is created.

42
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)
1951

A

Artificial insemination of livestock is accomplished using frozen semen

43
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)
1953

A

JD Watson and F. Crick for the first time cleared the mysteries around the DNA as a genetic material, by giving a structural model of DNA, popularly known as, ‘Double Helix Model of DNA.’

44
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)
1953
__________ and F. Crick for the first time cleared the mysteries around the DNA as a genetic material, by giving a structural model of DNA, popularly known as, ‘Double Helix Model of DNA.’

45
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)
1953
JD Watson and ___________ for the first time cleared the mysteries around the DNA as a genetic material, by giving a structural model of DNA, popularly known as, ‘Double Helix Model of DNA.’

46
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)
1954

A

Dr. Joseph Murray performs the first kidney transplant between identical twins.

47
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

48
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

49
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

50
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

51
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

52
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

53
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

54
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

55
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

56
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

57
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

58
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

59
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

60
Q

Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)

61
Q

Modern Biotechnology

• The first cloned animal
• The first person to clone an Animal

A

• Dolly
• Ian Wilmut

62
Q

Modern Biotechnology

2002

A

The banteng, an endangered species was cloned for the first time

63
Q

Modern Biotechnology

2002

A

The banteng, an endangered species was cloned for the first time

64
Q

Modern Biotechnology

1944

A

The first genetically modified food, Flavr Savr was marketed

65
Q

Modern Biotechnology

1983
Who developed the Polymerase chain reaction

A

Kary Mullis

66
Q

Modern Biotechnology

1981

A

The first genetically engineered plant is reported

67
Q

1984

A

The DNA fingerprinting technique was developed

Agricultural Biotechnology (2 decks)

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