Chapter 1 Flashcards
What does McKenna say the only way to co-sleep safely is?
Breastfeed while doing it
What is the relationship between SIDS and co-sleeping/breastfeeding according to McKenna
Most people thought that when you breastfed, the baby would be protected from SIDS, but McKenna says that the relationship is that when you co-sleep then the protection from SIDS is increased
Why did we co-sleep?
It was the only option for many years, we had to protect our babies. Humans are fairly adapted to co-sleeping
Why don’t we co-sleep anymore?
Our modern environment has changed, we no longer sleep on hard surfaces but instead have invented cushiony soft beds, which are not safe for babies. We would have to alter the modern environment today to safely sleep with a baby.
How can we co-sleep safely?
The safer option would be to put the crib next to the bed such as a bassinet
Why are cribs “safer?”
They are easily regulated more
What issues have come about because of infant solitary sleep?
Comfort objects, nightmares/night terrors, bedtime rituals
SIDS
Sudden unexplained death of an infant under one year of age. 1.3-1.5 per thousand babies. Peak incidence is around 3 months of age. Most likely to occur at night. Most likely in cold-weather months.
What infants are at higher risk for SIDS
Formula-fed infants, infants who are placed on their stomachs to sleep, infants whose mothers smoked while pregnant, and infants in an environment with smokers. Infants whose mothers received poor pre-natal care. Male infants. Pre-mature infants. Infants who sleep alone.
What was the big change in babies sleeping position
In 1994, 70% of babies in the US were placed on their stomachs to sleep
By 2002, 11.3% of babies were placed on their stomach to sleep
SIDS rates in 1992 were 1.2 per thousand
SIDS rates in 2002 were .57 per thousand.
NOT sleeping on their stomachs helped.
What was the backlash of changing babies sleep positions?
Babies that are placed on their stomachs sleep more deeply and tend to sleep through the night earlier. Currently, there is a backlash against the “back to sleep” idea. The consequence of changing babies’ sleeping position back to their stomachs would be that SIDS rates would go up.
SIDS today
SUIDS (Sudden unexpected infant deaths)
Triple risk model (Filiana and kinney)
Caused by: vulnerable infant, critical period of development, environmental stressors.
May develop a screening test
Genetic epistemology
The origin of knowledge, how we know what we know
Piagets cognitive development
Began as a biologist
Binet lab in paris - binet/Stanford binet intelligence test
Became interested in the wrong answers that kids were giving and why
Studied cognitive development for the rest of his life
Cognitive change
Organization (how do our thought structures organize) and adaptation (cognitive adaptation)
Assimilation
When we encounter something in the environment, we start thinking about it, if it fits in with what we already know we assimilate it and just put it into what we already know.
ex) kids thinking that bears are dogs because it looks like their own dog
Accommodation
When you CHANGE how you think about the world, it does not fit in with what you know, must make new categories, and organize your thoughts differently.
Can you teach cognitive change?
No, kids have to construct it acting in the environment —- equilibrium, a drive for balance. This is why assimilation does not last forever. You start to realize that it is not how it really works and must adapt and change your cognitive structures.
Schemes
Grabbing, on-purpose grab, develop schemes of underlined actions. They eventually become the intuitive ways they think about the world. Guided by appearance, by one aspect of a problem
Operations
Schemes transform into logical operations around 8-9. Thinking like a scientist. Logical, reversible thoughts. They then become more highly organized and hypothetical. Initially, they are very specific. Ex: Math problems
Sensorimotor
Birth- 2 years. Moving from reflexive to reflective
Pre-operational
(2-7) Intuitive thinking rather than logical, language is in place, and develops well in this stage. Playing pretend REALLY develops here. “List of cants”
Concrete operational
(7-11) Can think logically. Dont think abstractly or hypothetically
Formal operational
(11 and on) Can think in every way
