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Exam 1 - Chapters 1-5 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

the scientific study of the mind and behavior

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2
Q

Qualities of an education in psychology

A

Students hone critical thinking skills and are trained to use the scientific method

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3
Q

What is critical thinking?

A

the active application of a set of skills to information for the understanding and evaluation of that information

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4
Q

Who is Wundt and James?

A

they are credited as being the founders of psychology as a science and academic discipline

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5
Q

Freud’s influence on psychology

A

developed the psychoanalythic theory

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6
Q

What is Gestalt Psychology?

A

a person’s “whole” where sensory experiences can be broken down into individual parts, this co-relates to how a person responds to perception

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7
Q

behaviorism role in psychology’s history

A

dominted in experimental psychology therefore established psychology as a scientific discipline

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8
Q

Carl Rogers “Client Centered Therapy”

A

centers on what patients needs rather than hierarchy needs (works on self actualization)

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9
Q

What is humanism?

A

perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

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10
Q

Who developed structures to humanism?

A

Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of Needs)

Carl Rogers (Client-Centered Therapy)

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11
Q

cognitive revolution

A

interest in the mind being the focus of scientific inquiry

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12
Q

How does scientific research address questions about behavior?

A

helps psychologists understand behavior, as well as cognitive and physiological processes that underlie behavior

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13
Q

What’s the difference between cognitive and physiological?

A

cognitive deals with the mental aspect of the body while physiological deals with the body

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14
Q

empirical

A

it is a objective, tangible evidence that can be observed time and time again

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15
Q

scientific research importantance in making personal decisions

A

psychology helps us understand facts and opinions we have about ourselves

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16
Q

weakness of surveys

A

participants don’t give accurate responses

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17
Q

weakness of naturalistic observation

A

People may not feel comfortable answering questions and when people are watched, they are less likely to behave naturally

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18
Q

weakness of archival research

A

Research never interacts with participants and researchers have no control over what was originally collected

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19
Q

longitudinal approach to research

A

Research takes years, even decades so results will be delayed

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20
Q

attrition

A

participant drop outs due to the longevity of the research progress

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21
Q

correlation

A

relationship between two or more variables

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22
Q

causation

A

cause and affect relationship

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23
Q

correlation coefficient

A

is a number -1 to +1 that indicates that strength and direction of the relationship between variables

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24
Q

moon phase

A

causes people to act strangely

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25
Q

random sampling

A

A group or subset of a larger population

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26
Q

experimental group

A

gets experimental manipulation

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27
Q

control group

A

does not get the experimental manipulation

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28
Q

experimenter bias affect the result of an experiment

A

a possibility that the researcher’s expectations might skew (impair) the rest of the study

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29
Q

dependent variable

A

variables that the researcher measures to see how much effect the independent variable had

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29
Q

independent variable

A

variables that are influenced or controlled by the experimenter

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30
Q

considered the first psychologist

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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31
Q

three parts of the cognitive triangle

A

think, feel, behave

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32
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

Sigmund Freud

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33
Q

psychoanalytic theory state

A

a persons unconscious and childhood experiences resurface and affect behavior

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34
Q

Gestalt’s empty chair method

A

placing a chair besides patients and have them imagine someone there to impact what they do or say

35
Q

Skinner’s experiment results

A

behavior is rooted by reward and or punishment

36
Q

APA

A

American Psychological Association

37
Q
A
38
Q

psychologists

A

talk to patients and can refer them to a psychiatrist

39
Q

psychiatrists

A

talk to patients with the ability to prescribe medication

40
Q

difference between a case study and clinical study

A

Case study is your own research and clinical study is more professional

40
Q

illusory correlation

A

people believe relationships exist between two things when there is no relationship exist

41
Q

James Lange Theory

A

psysilogical changes result in your feeling of fear

42
Q

IRB (institutional review board)

A

group of professionals that you need approval from

43
Q

theory of evolution

A

selection based of nature

44
Q

informed consent

A

written description of what to expect during an experiment

44
Q

animal testing

A

must not harm or mistreat animal patients

45
Q

phenotype

A

inherited physical characteristics (outside)

46
Q

gentotype

A

genetic makeup (DNA)

47
Q

brain, spinal cord, nerves are part of

A

nervous system

48
Q

CNS (central nervous system)

A

brain and spinal cord

49
Q

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

A

nerves that carry messages back and forth

50
Q

somatic body (CNS)

A

can control

51
Q

autonnomic (PNS)

A

things we can’t control

52
Q

Sympathetic

A

should I stay or should I go

52
Q

parasympathatic

A

rest and digest

53
Q

cell body, cell membrane, dendrite, axon, myelin, sheath, therminal buttons

A

nueron structure

54
Q

neuron

A

cell of the nervous

55
Q

does not correctly or effectively send information to neuron

A

MS (Myelin Sheath)

56
Q

neuron transmittor that associates with reward system (happy drug)

A

dopamine

57
Q

mimick neuron transmittor

A

agonist

58
Q

blocks nueron transmittors

A

antagonist

59
Q

posture, messages to and from brain stem, compromises vertebral connected to parts of body, location where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is distrubuted that protects body is distributes nutrients

A

functions of spinal cord

60
Q

right side of body, speech, memory, selective attention, emotions

A

left hemisphere

61
Q

left side of body, perception, arousal, negative emotions

A

right hemisphere

62
Q

corpus callosum

A

Heimsphere divided by neural fibers

63
Q

side of brain, hearing, memory, emotion, and speech

A

temporal lobe

63
Q

forward part of brain, language, thinking motor

A

frontal lobe

64
Q

forward part of brain

A

prefrontal cortex

65
Q

behind frontal lobe, responsible for body senses

A

parietal lobe

66
Q

back of brain

A

occipital lobe

67
Q

language comprehension

A

auditory cortex

68
Q

understanding visual information

A

primary visual cortex

69
Q

CT scan

A

series of x-rays of brain or body

70
Q

fMRI

A

functional magnetic resonance imaging - track blood flow and oxygen levels

71
Q

EEG (electroencephalography)

A

provide measure of brains, electric activity

72
Q

hormones are produced; chemical messengers sending signals

A

glands

73
Q

responsible for growth that branches out from hypothalamus

A

pituitary gland

73
Q

secreted through bloodstream

A

hormones

73
Q

Endorcine system

A

(organs) made up of glands - glands hold hormones

74
Q

back of throat responsible for appetiteand metabolism

A

thyroid gland

75
Q
A
75
Q
A
76
Q
A
76
Q
A
76
Q
A
76
Q
A

Exam 1 - Chapters 1-5 (1 decks)

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