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Intro to American Government > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Politics

A

Who gets what, when, and how; a process of determining how power and resources are distributed in a society without recourse to violence.

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2
Q

Power

A

The ability to get other people to do what you want

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3
Q

Media

A

The channels– including television, radio, newspaper, and the internet– through which information is sent and received

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4
Q

Social Order

A

The way we organize and live our collective lives

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5
Q

Government

A

A system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people

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6
Q

Authority

A

Power that is recognized as legitimate, or right

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7
Q

Legitimate

A

Accepted as “right” or proper

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8
Q

Rules

A

Directions that specify how resources will be distributed or what procedures govern collective activity (HOW people get what they want)

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9
Q

Norms

A

Informal, unwritten expectations that guide behavior and support formal rule systems; often most noticeable when broken

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10
Q

Institutions

A

Organizations in which government power is exercised

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11
Q

Political Narrative

A

A persuasive story about the nature of power, who should have it and how it should be used

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12
Q

Gatekeepers

A

Journalist and the media elite who determine which news stores are covered and which are not

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13
Q

Economics

A

Production and distribution of a society’s material resources and services

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14
Q

Capitalist Economy

A

An economic system in which the market determines production, distribution, and price decisions, and property is privately owned

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15
Q

Laissez-Faire Capitalism

A

An economic system in which the market makes all decisions and the government plays no role

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16
Q

Regulated Capitalism

A

A market system in which the government intervenes to protect rights and make procedural guarantees

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17
Q

Procedural Guarantees

A

Government assurance that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, with no promise of particular outcomes

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18
Q

Socialist Economy

A

An economic system in which the state determines production, distribution, and price decisions, and property is government-owned

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19
Q

Substantive Guarantees

A

Government assurance of particular outcomes or results

20
Q

Social Democracy

A

A hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and a government that supports equality

21
Q

Authoritarian Governments

A

Systems in which the state holds all power over the social order

22
Q

Totalitarian

A

A system in which absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life

23
Q

Authoritarian Capitalism

A

A system in which the state allows people economic freedom but maintains stringent social regulations to limit noneconomic behavior

24
Q

Anarchy

A

The absence of government and law

25
Q

Democracy (demos meaning people)

A

Government that vests power in the people

26
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

The concept that the citizens are the ultimate source of political power

27
Q

Advanced Industrial Democracy

A

A system in which a democratic government allows citizens a considerable amount of personal freedom and maintains a free-market (though still usually regulated) economy

28
Q

Populism

A

Social movements based on the idea that power has been concentrated illegitimately among elites at the people’s expense

29
Q

Elite Democracy

A

A narrative that sees democracy merely as a process of choosing among competing leaders; for the average citizen, the input ends after the leader is chosen

30
Q

Pluralist Democracy

A

A model of democracy where no single group dominates politics. Organized groups compete with each other to influence policy ensuring that no one group has complete control over decisions (Copilot)

31
Q

Participatory Democracy

A

Individuals have the right to control all the circumstances of their lives, and direct democratic participation should occur not only in government but in industry, education, and community affairs. Not solely relying on elected representatives

32
Q

Subjects

A

Individuals who are obligated to submit to a government authority against which they have no rights

33
Q

Citizens

A

Members of a political community with both rights and responsibilities

34
Q

Divine Right of Kings

A

The principle that earthly rulers receive their authority form god

35
Q

Theocracy

A

An authoritarian system of government in which god holds all the power

36
Q

Classical Liberalism

A

A political ideology dating from the seventeenth-century emphasizing individual rights over the power of the state

37
Q

Social Contract

A

The notion that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for protection of others

38
Q

Republic

A

A government which decisions are made through representatives of the people

39
Q

Digital Native

A

An individual born after the advent of digital technology who is proficient in and dependent on its use

39
Q

Public-Interested Citizenship

A

A view of citizenship focused on action to realize the common good

39
Q

Mediated Citizens

A

Those for whom most personal and commercial relationships; have access to information about the world and recreational or professional activities; and communication with other passes through third-party channels, which may or may not modify or censor that information

40
Q

Self-Interested Citizenship

A

A view of citizenship focused on action to realize an individual citizen’s interest

41
Q

Hashtag Activism

A

A form of political engagement that occurs by organizing individuals online around a particular issue

42
Q

Information Bubble

A

A closed system, sometimes self-created, in which all the information we get reinforces the information we already have, solidifying our beliefs without reference to outside reality checks

43
Q

How to Think Critically

A

Consider the Source, lay out the Argument, Uncover the Evidence, Evaluate the Conclusion, Sort out the Political Significance

Intro to American Government (2 decks)

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