Chapter 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
The science of body structures and the relationships among them
Physiology
The science of body functions. How our bodies work
Amount of tissues to make an organ?
At least 2
Integumentary system
Skin, hair, nails, sweat/oil glands
Skeletal system
Bones and joints
Muscular system
Skeletal muscle tissue
Nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, specific sense organs (eyes, ears)
Endocrine
Hormone producing glands. Regulating homeostasis via hormone release.
Cardiovascular system
Blood, heart, blood vessels
Lymphatic system
Lymph, lymph vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, cells for immune response
Respiratory system
Lungs and their passage ways (pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes)
Digestive systems
Organs related to GI, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, anus, (salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)
Urinary systems
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Reproductive system
Gonads and accessory organs
Characteristics of living organism: 6
Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction
Catabolism
Breakdown
Anabolism
Building up
Homeostasis
Condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes
Control of Homeostasis
Receptors –> Control centre –> Effector
What 2 systems regulate homeostasis?
Nervous and Endocrine
Negative feedback loops
Response reverses the change in the controlled condition
Positive feedback loop
the response enhances the original stimulus that changed the controlled condition (labour, blood clotting)
Disorder
Any abnormality of function or structure.
Disease
More specific term for an illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms
Local disease
affects one part or a limited region of the body such as glaucoma
Systemic disease
affects either the entire body or several parts such as rheumatoid arthritis
Signs
Objective changes that a clinician can observe and measure such as fever or rash
Symptoms
Subjective changes in bodily functions that are not apparent to the observer such as nausea or headache
Diagnosis
art of distinguishing one disease from another, or determining the nature of the disease
Epidemiology
science that deals with why, when, and where disease occur and how they are transmitted.
Pharmacology
Science that deals with the effects and uses of drugs in the treatment of disease
Abdominopelvic regions
R hypochondriac region, epigastric region, L hypochondriac region, R lumbar region, umbilical region, L lumbar region, R iliac (inguinal) region, hypogastric region, L iliac (inguinal) region
Abdominopelvic quadrants
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
Body fluids: 2
Intracellular fluid (ICF), Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Intracellular fluid
INSIDE the cell
Extracellular
OUTSIDE the cell, interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid,
Dorsal body cavities
Cranial and vertebral
Ventral body cavities
