chapter 1 Flashcards
how is biology studied?
using the scientific method
deductive reasoning
Summarize the information at hand and draw conclusions from that information; proceeds from
the general to the specific.
inductive reasoning
Drawing a generalization from several specific observations; proceeds from the specific to the
general. Must be careful, because it is impossible to prove the accuracy of the generalization
what is a hypothesis
a testable model
why do we do experiments?
An experiment is conducted to test the correctness of the hypothesis
Experimental or treatment group
the individuals given the specific treatment or condition being tested
control group
the individuals not given the specific treatment
why must care must be taken that the experimental and control groups receive the same treatments except for the specific effect
being tested?
placebo effect
theory
A well supported hypothesis that links together a large body of observations
principle or law
A theory that links together significant bodies of thought and yields unvarying and uniform predictions over a long
period of time
Supernatural causes and effects
cannot be proved or
disproved.
cell
- The basic structural and functional unit of life consisting of living material bounded by a membrane. The smallest
unit of living things capable of growth and development
unicellular
An organism consisting of a single cell.
multicellular
An organism consisting of more than one cell.
living things…
grow and develop
metabolism
includes the chemical processes essential to growth and repair
metabolism
he sum of the chemical reactions and energy transformations that take place within a cell
homeostasis
- the tendency of an organism to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
asexual reproduction
– copying; reproduction not involving sex (genetic recombination); resulting from only cell
division
sexual reproduction
– reproduction involving sex; typically involves the formation of specialized egg and sperm cells
and their fusion to produce a zygote which grows and develops into a new organism
hormones
chemical signals used for intercellular signaling
taxonomy
- the science of classifying and naming organisms
Carolus Linnaeus
18th century Swedish botanist) developed a system of classification that is the basis of what is used
today
Species
- basic unit of classification or taxonomy
Genus
- a group of closely related species.
the genus and specific epithet names make up what?
the binomial name
family
A group of related genera make up a
order
Related families make up an
class
Related orders are grouped into a
Phylum or Division
Related classes are grouped into a
kingdom
Related phyla or divisions are grouped into a
domain
Related kingdoms are grouped into a
prokaryotes
, organisms with no true cellular nucleus
