Chapter 1 Flashcards
biological source-
infectious agents
biological possible possible injury- (4)
-Bacterial
-fungal,
-viral
-parasitic
infections
sharps source- (3)
-needles
-lancets
-broken glass
sharps possible injury- (3)
-Cuts
-punctures
-exposure to blood-
borne pathogens
chemical source- (2)
-preservatives
-reagents
chemical possible injury- (2)
-preservatives
-reagents
radioactive source- (2)
-equipment
-radioisotopes
radioactive possible injury-
exposure to radiation
electrical source- (2)
-underground or wet equipment
-frayed cords
electrical possible injury- (2)
-burns
-shock
fire/explosive source- (2)
-open flames
-organic chemicals
fire/explosive possible injury- (2)
-burns
-dismemberment
physical source- (3)
-wet floors
-heavy boxes
-patients
physical possible injury- (3)
-falls
-sprains
-strains
agencies involved in developing guidelines- (3)
-CDC- Center for Disease Control
-OSHA- Occupational Safety & Health Administration
-CLSI- Clinical Lab Standards Institute
infection control monitors-
infection in the facility
primary objective of biological safety is-
preventing completion of the chain of infection
biological chain of infection- (6)
-infectious agent
-reservoir
-portal of exit
-means of transmission
-portal of entry
-susceptible host
infectious agents- (4)
-bacteria
-fungi
-parasites
-viruses
reservoirs are locations of-
potentially harmful microorganisms
examples of potentially harmful microorganisms- (3)
-humans
-animals
-fomites
means of transmission- (5)
-airborne
-direct contact
-droplet
-vector
-vehicle
portal of entry is often the same as-
portal of exit
examples of portal of entry/exit- (3)
-mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, & eyes
-breaks in the skin
-open wounds
susceptible host- (3)
-other patients
-visitors
-healthcare personnel
Standard precautions- (10)
-hand hygiene
-gloves
-mouth, nose, & eye protection
-patient care equipment
-environmental control
-linen
-occupational health & blood-borne pathogens
-patient placement
-respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
hand hygiene standard precautions- (2)
-immediately after removing gloves
-between patient contacts
gloves standard precautions- (5)
-blood
-body fluids
-secretions
-excretions
-contaminated items
mouth, nose, & eye protection standard precautions- (3)
-mucous membrane protection
-sprays
-aerosols
gown standard precautions-
appropriate when soiling of scrubs is imminent
patient-care equipment standard precautions-
dispose or sterilize as per protocol
environmental control standard precautions-
clean & disinfect surfaces
linen standard precautions-
prevent exposure when handling
occupational health & blood-borne pathogens standard precautions-
no recapping needles
patient placement standard precautions-
isolation if needed
respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette standard precautions-
prevent droplet & fomite transmission of respiratory pathogens
laws are monitored & enforced by-
OSHA
Occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens standard controls are required by OSHA to be provided by or mandated by the employer for all employees- (3)
-engineering controls
-work practice controls
-personal protective equipment
report Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP) accidents-
immediately to supervisor
prompt PEP testing of source patient & employee for- (3)
-HIV
-HBV
-HCV
follow ____________ for management of exposures & recommended PEP-
CDC updated guidelines
Personal Protective Equipment- (6)
-gloves
-latex allergy
-fluid-resistant lab coats
-face protection
-contaminated specimen
-foot protection
gloves personal protection equipment-
not suitable for hand hygine
glove type personal protection equipment- (3)
-sterile & non sterile
-latex & nonlatex
-powdered & non powdered
latex allergies (2)-
-report any symptoms to supervisors; reactions can be fatal
-alternative nitrile or vinyl glove is recommended
fluid resistant lab coats personal protection equipment- (6)
-perfect skin & clothing
-must be worn completely buttoned, gloves pulled over wrist cuffs
-wear when working with specimens, remove when leaving lab
-change when visibly soiled
-discard disposable as biohazards waste
-discard nondisposable in designated laundry bins
face personal protection equipment- (5)
-goggles
-full face plastic shields
-plexiglas countertop shields
-splashes & aerosols caused by uncapping, pouring, transferring, & centrifuging
-never centrifuge uncapped specimens
contaminated specimen container exteriors personal protection equipment- (2)
-disinfect exterior
-request new specimen as per protocol
foot protocol personal protection equipment-
closed-toed & covers the entire foot
hand contact is the primary method of-
infection transmission
sanitize hands- (6)
-before patient contact
-after gloves are removed
-before leaving work area
-at any time when hands have been knowingly contaminated
-before going to designated break area
-before & after using bathroom facilities
hand hygiene includes- (2)
-hand washing
-using alcohol based antiseptic cleansers
CDC has developed hand washing guidelines to be-
followed for correct hand washing
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