Chapter 1

Question 1

What is genetics

Answer 1

the study of inherited traits and their variations

Question 2

What is heredity

Answer 2

The transmission of traits and biological information between generations

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

Are composed of DNA, which are the units of heredity. Biochemical instructions tell the cell how to make proteins that impart, or control the characteristics that make our individuality

Question 4

what is the genome

Answer 4

a complete set of genetic instructions characteristic of an organism. Which includes protein-encoding genes and other types of DNA sequences

Question 5

Genomics

Answer 5

a field of study that analyzes and compares genomes.

Question 6

Bioethics

Answer 6

addresses moral issues and controversies that arise in applying medical tech. Ex: new genetic tech, privacy of it, use of genetic info and discrimination

Question 7

Mutation

Answer 7

change in the genetic sequence that leads to an abnormal protein or molecule

Question 8

Variant

Answer 8

polymorphism or nucleotide difference between DNA seqs that occur on the same gene.

Question 9

Exome

Answer 9

Genes that encode proteins are called exons, the exome is the set of exons in the human genome.

the exome is responsible for 85% of the known genetic diseases.

Question 10

Annotation

Answer 10

ongoing effort to understand what individual genes do.

Question 11

Alleles

Answer 11

Gene variants that encode the same protein from person to person

Question 12

Mutations/variants can

Answer 12

cause disease

create variations such as freckled skin

arise to mutations that can allow people to the resistant to HIV infections

Question 13

humans have

Answer 13

23 chromosomes, 22 of which are autosomes and one is a sex chromosome

Question 14

Karyotypes

Answer 14

charts that display chromosome pairs from largest to smallest

looks for chromosome number, size and variations

Question 15

Mendelian trait

Answer 15

single gene mutation (ex. polydactyly)

Question 16

Multifactorial traits

Answer 16

genetic mutation caused by one or more genes and influenced by environmental factors.

Question 17

Differentiation

Answer 17

specialization into different cell types

Question 18

Tissues

Answer 18

differentiated cells assemble and interact with each other and secrete matrix proteins to form aggregates called tissues

Question 19

Organs

Answer 19

Tissues layer and form organs

Question 20

Organ systems

Answer 20

multiple organs

Question 21

stem cells

Answer 21

undifferentiated cells, totipotent

Question 22

Pedigrees

Answer 22

charts that depict family members and notes which individuals have particular traits

Question 23

Gene pool

Answer 23

all the alleles in a population

Question 24

Genotype

Answer 24

refers to the genetic code

Question 25

Phenotype

Answer 25

visible traits, biochemical change or effect on health

aka expressed alleles

Question 26

Dominant allele

Answer 26

affect present with just one copy of the allele

Question 27

Recessive allele

Answer 27

must be present on both chromosomes to be expressed