Chapter 1

Question 1

a chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect

Answer 1

Drug

Question 2

identification of a new chemical entity as a potential therapeutic agent

Answer 2

Discovery phase

Question 3

compound is tested for safety and efficacy for one or more clinical indications, and in suitable formulations and dosage form

Answer 3

Development phase

Question 4

The term “drug discovery” is classical and conventional. It should be replaced with the term:

Answer 4

“drug invention”

Question 5

candidate molecules are chosen on the basis of their pharmacological properties

Answer 5

Drug discovery

Question 6

non-human studies (e.g. toxicity testing, pharmacokinetic analysis and formulation) are performed

Answer 6

Preclinical development

Question 7

the selected compound is tested for efficacy, side effects and potential dangers in volunteers and patients

Answer 7

Clinical development

Question 8

Stages of the New drug synthesis:

Answer 8

Drug discovery, Preclinical development, Clinical development

Question 9

Drug discovery
Usual time duration?

Answer 9

2-5 years

Question 10

Drug discovery Usual no. of projects?

Answer 10

100

Question 11

Drug discovery Components:

Answer 11

1. Target selection and validation
2. Lead-finding or Lead generation
3. Lead optimization
4. Pharmacological profiling

Question 12

is first made that modulation of the activity of a specific protein target will have beneficial therapeutic effects

Answer 12

hypothesis

Question 13

is a computational docking program in which a specific small molecule of interest is tested against a library of receptor structures

Answer 13

Inverse Docking

Question 14

derives knowledge from computational analysis of biological data. It includes information stored in genetic code, patient statistics and scientific literature

Answer 14

Bioinformatics

Question 15

Is done to identify the most useful target among the various identified targets

Answer 15

Target Validation

Question 16

Deals with finding the Biological immune modifiers or Immuno- modulating agents that cause selective up-regulation or down-regulation of specific immune responses

Answer 16

Immunopharmacology

Question 17

therapeutic agents produced by biotechnology rather than conventional synthetic chemistry are called

Answer 17

Biopharmaceuticals

Question 18

usual approach is to clone the target protein- the human form. This is because the sequence variation among species is associated with pharmacological differences and it is essential to optimize for activity in humans

Answer 18

SCREENING

Question 19

is based on the computationally inferred or simulated real screening

Answer 19

Virtual screening (VS)