Chapter 1 Flashcards
History was derived from the ________ word “_____“
Latin Word, historia
was derived from the Latin word “historia“
which means
“knowledge based through inquiry and
investigation.”
History
Originated from the ______ word “_____“
meaning
“_____”
Greek Word, istoia, learning
Study of the Past
Traditional understanding of History
sino ang nagsabi ng “Ang kasaysayan ay SALAYSAY na may SAYSAY sa SINASALAYSAYANG SALINGLAHI.”?
Zeus Salazar (1974)
period where no written records exist or when the writings of people were not preserved
Pre-History
analyzed through fossils and artifacts by Archaeologists and Anthropologists
Pre-history
period when man started to write and record events using a system of writing
History
analyzed through wood carves, engraved metals, written papyrus, written papers
History
history is studied by ___
“Historians”
What are the role of historians?
-to look at the available sources and select the most relevant for history and subject of study
-to organize the past that is being created
-to seek for the meaning of recovering the past to let the people see the continuing relevance of
memories (historical understanding)
What is Historiography?
“writing of history“ (historical writing)
based on critical examination of sources, selection of particular details from authentic materials in
those sources and the synthesis of those details into a narrative.
Historiography
Historiography is done through “____” with the aid of “______”
historical research, historical methodology
Tips in writing history
- Choosing a topic.
- Looking for data through historical sources.
- Determining the data as a Primary or Secondary source.
- Analyze the data through historical criticisms.
- Writing the entire narrative.
welcoming traits of Filipinos and is seen on how guests are warmly greeted at homes and
public places such as the airport, restaurants, and hotels.
Hospitality
Enumerate the Filipino Traits and Values
- Hospitality
- They maintain close family ties (Filial Piety)
- Respect for Elders
- The Filipino is Sentimental
- Pakikisama or Sense of togetherness
- Utang na Loob
- Hiya or Sense of Shame
- Fatalistic (bahala na)
- Crab Mentality
- Colonial Mentality
- Ningas Cogos/Kugon
- Mañana Habit
- Resilient
- Faith in God
a virtue of respect for one’s parents, elders, and ancestors.
They Maintain Close Family Ties (Filial Piety)
Filipinos are taught to become polite and respectful individuals.
Respect for elders
strongly influenced by feelings, especially about happy memories of past
events or relationships with other people, rather than by careful thought and judgment based on facts.
The Filipino is Sentimental
a typical trait of a Filipino, in its simplest sense meaning “getting along with others”
Pakikisama or Sense of Togetherness
or “debt of gratitude”
means that one does not forget the good deeds that others may
have done to him or her especially in times of great need.
Utang na Loob
a related value to Amor Propio.”Hiya” has a great influence on one’s
behavior for one will do everything, even if it is beyond his means just to save his reputation as well as the
family’s.
Hiya or Sense of Shame
has been loosely translated as
“come what may.” Hence, it is referred to as the
Filipino version of fatalism that is, leaving everything in the hands of fate.
Fatalistic (bahala na)
“Bahala na”
actually comes from the word “_____”
Bathala na
is a pattern of thinking where a person
is “often envious and selfish about a person’s success.
Crab Mentality
is the internalized attitude of ethnic or cultural inferiority felt by people as a result
of colonization, i.e. them being colonized by another group. It corresponds with the belief that the cultural
values of the colonizer are inherently superior to one’s own.
Colonial Mentality
a local Tagalog idiom that means “Not Being Consistent,” (leaving our work either half-baked or unfinished).
Ningas Cogos/Kugon
comes from the Spanish word “Mañana
“which literally means
“tomorrow”
or “an unspecified future time.” Hence, Mañana habit, refers to procrastination, or putting off for tomorrow what can be done today.
Mañana Habit
Resilient people are aware of situations, their own emotional reactions, and the behavior of
those around them. By remaining aware, they can maintain control of a situation and think of new ways to
tackle problems. In many cases, resilient people emerge stronger after such difficulties.
Resilient
The Filipino people are known for their strong religious faith. Even during the most trying
moments of their collective history their faith remains steadfast.
Faith in God
Two types of sources
Primary Sources and Secondary Sources
-produced at the same time as the event being studied (contemporary accounts)
-include documents or artifacts created by a witness or participant of the event
“firsthand testimony,“ “eyewitness accounts“
Primary Sources
Example of Primary Sources
diaries, letters, interviews, photographs, newspapers
Types of Primary Sources
- Written Sources
- Non-Written sources
are sources that usually in written form.
Written Sources
Three categories of Written Sources
Narrative or Literature
Diplomatic Sources
Social Documents
These sources are chronicles or tracts presented in a narrative form, it tells a
story or narrates the story of the events.
Narrative or Literature
Example of Narrative or Literature
Diary, newspaper, etc.
are understood to be those documents/records of an existing legal situation or
create a new one. This source is also called as legal documents.
Diplomatic Sources
Examples of Diplomatic Sources
Laws, memorandum, executive
orders, etc.
this are information pertaining to economic, social, political or judicial significance.
Social Documents
Examples of Social Documents
Research findings, records of census, civil registry, etc.
Types of Non-written sources
Material Evidence
Oral Evidence
his is also known as archaeological evidence. These artifacts can tell a great deal
about the ways of life, people in the past, and their culture.
Material Evidence
Examples of Material Evidence
swords, relics, bones, etc.
sources that are transmitted orally.
Oral Evidence
examples of oral evidence
Tales, folk songs, interviews, etc.)
6 points of inquiries to evaluate primary sources (Garraghan, 1950)
1.Gate
2. Localization
3. Authorship
4. Analysis
5. Integrity
6. Credibility
produced by authors who used and interpreted primary sources
analyzed a scholarly question and often use primary source as evidence
Secondary Sources
Example of Secondary Sources
books, theses, dissertations, journals, magazines, knowledge of historians
written few years after the exact time of the event
Secondary Sources
The closer the date of creation, the more reliable one.
Primary Source
The more recent, the more reliable one.
Secondary Source
Types of Criticism
External and Internal
Verification of authenticity by examining physical characteristics; consistency with the historical
characteristics of the time when it was produced, and materials used.
External Criticism
Looks at the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by looking at the author of the source, its
context, the agenda behind its creation
It looks at the content of the source and examines the circumstance of its production
Internal Criticism
