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Electronics Fundamentals > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a system?

A

is a group of interrelated parts that perform a specific function.

Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Electronics Fundamentals: A Systems Approach, First Edition, Thomas L. Floyd | David M. Buchla Ch.1 Summary

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2
Q

How does a system communicate with the outside world?

A

A system communicates with the outside world via its inputs and outputs.

Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Electronics Fundamentals: A Systems Approach, First Edition, Thomas L. Floyd | David M. Buchla Ch.1 Summary

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3
Q

What is an input in an electrical circuit?

A

An input is the voltage, current or power that is applied to an electrical circuit to achieve a desired result.

Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Electronics Fundamentals: A Systems Approach, First Edition, Thomas L. Floyd | David M. Buchla Ch.1 Summary

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4
Q

What is an output in a system?

A

whatever happens after the system process its input(s).

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5
Q

What does an electrical system deal with?

A

deals with electric power.

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6
Q

What does an electronic system deal with?

A

An electronic system deals with signals; changing electrical or electromagnetic quantities that carry information.

Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Electronics Fundamentals: A Systems Approach, First Edition, Thomas L. Floyd | David M. Buchla Ch.1 Summary

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7
Q

What is a block diagram?

A

shows the main blocks of a system and their relationships

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8
Q

What is a closed circuit?

A

A circuit that forms a complete loop is called a closed circuit.

Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Electronics Fundamentals: A Systems Approach, First Edition, Thomas L. Floyd | David M. Buchla Ch.1 Summary

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9
Q

What is an open circuit?

A

A circuit that does not form a complete loop

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10
Q

How are very large and very small numbers represented?

A

Very large and very small numbers are represented with scientific and engineering notation.

Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Electronics Fundamentals: A Systems Approach, First Edition, Thomas L. Floyd | David M. Buchla Ch.1 Summary

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11
Q

What are some important electrical units?

A

Some important electrical units include current (Ampere), charge (Coulomb), voltage (Volt), resistance (Ohm), and power (Watt).

Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Electronics Fundamentals: A Systems Approach, First Edition, Thomas L. Floyd | David M. Buchla Ch.1 Summary

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12
Q

What is a fundamental unit?

A

Current is a fundamental unit.

These derived units are based on fundamental units from the meter-kilogram-second system and are called mks units.

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13
Q

Name the important electrical units and their symbols.

A

Current - Ampere (A)
Charge - Coulomb (C)
Voltage - Volt (V)
Resistance - Ohm (Ω)
Power - Watt (W)

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14
Q

What are the engineering metric prefixes for large numbers (>1) and their meanings?

A

Milli - 10^-3
Micro - 10^-6
Nano - 10^-9
Pico - 10^-12
Femto - 10^-15

Can you name these engineering metric prefixes and their meaning?

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15
Q

What are the engineering metric prefixes for small numbers (<1) and their meanings?

A

Peta
Tera
Giga
Mega
Kilo

1015
1012
109
106
103

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16
Q

What is the rule for converting from a smaller unit to a larger unit?

A

move the decimal point to the right. Remember, a smaller unit means the number must be larger.

0.47 MW = 470 kW

17
Q

What is the rule for converting from a larger unit to a smaller unit?

A

When converting from one unit to a larger unit, move the decimal point to the left. Remember, a larger unit means the number must be smaller.

10,000 pF = 0.01 mF

18
Q

What is the rule for adding or subtracting numbers with metric prefixes?

A

When adding or subtracting numbers with a metric prefix, convert them to the same prefix first.

10,000 W + 22 kW =
10,000 W + 22,000 W = 32,000 W
Alternatively:
10 kW + 22 kW = 32 kW

19
Q

What is the rule for adding or subtracting numbers with different metric prefixes?

A

convert them to the same prefix first.

200 mA + 1.0 mA =
200 mA + 1,000 mA = 1200 mA
Alternatively:
0.200 mA + 1.0 mA = 1.2 mA

20
Q

What is error in measurements?

A

Error - Precise, but not correct .

21
Q

When is a digit considered significant?

A

it has no “0”

22
Q

When is a digit considered significant?

A

Non-zero digits are always considered to be significant.

Example: 23.92 has four non-zero digits - they are all significant.

23
Q

What are the rules for determining significant digits?

A
  1. Non-zero digits are always considered to be significant.
  2. Zeros between nonzero digits are always significant.
  3. Zeros to the right of the decimal point for a decimal number are significant.
  4. Zeros to the left of the decimal point with a whole number may or may not be significant depending on the measurement.

Example: 0.00276 has three zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit. There are only three significant digits.

24
Q

What are the rules for rounding numbers?

A
  1. If the dropped digit is greater than 5, increase the last retained digit by 1.
  2. If the dropped digit is less than 5, do not change the last retained digit.
  3. If the dropped digit is 5, increase the last retained digit if it makes it even, otherwise do not. This is called the ‘round-to-even’ rule.
25
Q

What are the key safety suggestions for working with electrical circuits?

A
  1. Do not work alone, or when you are drowsy.
  2. Do not wear conductive jewelry.
  3. Know the potential hazards of the equipment you are working on; check equipment and power cords frequently.
  4. Avoid all contact with energized circuits; even low voltage circuits.
  5. Maintain a clean and uncluttered workspace.
  6. Know the location of power shutoff and fire extinguishers.
  7. Don’t have food or drinks in the laboratory or work area.
26
Q

What is scientific or engineering notation?

A

A system for representing any number as a one-, two-, or three-digit number times a power of ten with an exponent that is a multiple of three.

27
Q

what is accuracy in measurements?

A

how close a measured value is to the true value of what is being measured. It’s like hitting the bullseye on a target - the closer you are to the center, the more accurate your measurement is.

28
Q

What is precision in measurements?

A

Precision - repeatability

29
Q

What do resistors do in a circuit?

A

A: Resistors resist the flow of electric current, cause a drop in voltage, and control current flow.

30
Q

What do resistors do in a circuit?

A

A: Resistors resist the flow of electric current, cause a drop in voltage, and control current flow.

31
Q

Q: What do capacitors do?

A

A: Capacitors store electrical energy temporarily, release energy when needed, and are used for filtering, energy storage, and timing applications.

32
Q

Q: What are transistors used for?

A

A: Transistors amplify or switch electronic signals

33
Q

Q: What is a transfer curve?

A

A: where it show the ratio of output to input.

34
Q

*Q: How is a transfer curve used in an amplifier block in a digital thermometer?**

A

A: It shows how the small signal from the temperature sensor is amplified.

35
Q

*Q: What are the key points of a transfer curve?**

A

A: Input on x-axis, output on y-axis, and gain (output/input ratio).

36
Q

*Q: What are non-ideal amplifiers?**

A

A: Real amplifiers that deviate from the ideal straight-line transfer curve.

37
Q

*Q: How do transfer curves differ when input and output have different units?**

A

A: They are not dimensionless and may show a nonlinear response, needing data processing.

Electronics Fundamentals (1 decks)

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