Chapter 1

Question 1

Define Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

what the drug does to the body

Question 2

Define Pharmocogenomics

Answer 2

expanding field that looks at genetic profiles to predict drug responses

Question 2

Define Pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

what the body does to the drug (ie half life, liver processes, cross barriers)

Question 3

Define Toxicology

Answer 3

undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems

Question 4

Define Agonist

Answer 4

drug binds to receptor and activates a response

Question 5

Define Antagonist

Answer 5

binds to receptor, prevents the binding of the native ligand

Question 6

Describe the difference between pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenomics, and toxicology.

Answer 6

dynamics- what the drugs does to the body
kinetics- what the body does to the drug
genomics- how your genetic profile affects response to drug

Question 7

What is the difference between toxins and poisons?

Answer 7

Toxins are from biological substance (mushrooms, fish)
Poisons are from non-living

Question 8

What is the difference between competitive inhibitor and allosteric inhibitor?

Answer 8

competitive- binds to active site
allosteric- binds outside active BUT makes receptor less active/available

Question 9

Who was the first recorded physician in pharmacology?

Answer 9

Imhotep (Ancient Egypt)

Question 9

Who was the “Father of modern medicine”?

Answer 9

Hippocrates

Question 10

What is the Materia Medica?

Answer 10

first medical textbook that dealt with pharmcology, discussed use of compounds

Question 11

Who is Paracelsus?

Answer 11

“Father of Toxicology”, introduced the concept that at a certain dose you can poison your body

Question 12

What is the difference in the types of bonds in terms of strength?

Answer 12

Covalent- strongest
Electrostatic- (charged molecules, hydrogen, van der Waals)
Hydrophobic- weakest (not charged)

Question 13

Describe the relationship between bond strength and specificity

Answer 13

the stronger the bond the less specific the receptor needs to be

Question 14

Describe Racemic Mixtures

Answer 14

combination of a + and - isomer in a drug

Question 15

Describe Stereoisomerism

Answer 15

they have the same formula, but have a different shape

Question 16

Describe the non specific & specific binding graph

Answer 16

specific binding has a MAX, once reached there will be non-specific binding

Question 17

What is ADME in pharmokinetics?

Answer 17

A- Absorption
D- Distribution
M- Metabolism
E- Excretion

Question 18

Describe the Drug Concentration Response Curve in terms of EC50

Answer 18

EC50= that is when you see 50% of effect of the drug

Question 19

Describe the Kd

Answer 19

drug concentration in which 1/2 of the receptors are bound

Question 20

Describe the relationship of Kd in terms of drug/receptor affinity

Answer 20

low Kd = high affinity

Question 21

Describe how Kd does not equal EC50

Answer 21

You don’t need to have a certain amount of bound receptors (kd) in order to see a response/effect of the drug (EC50)

Question 22

Describe the response of an Allosteric Activator and Agonist

Answer 22

together they create a bigger response

Question 23

Describe the response of a agonist and competitive inhibitor

Answer 23

The competitive inhibitor will try to BLOCK the agonist from binding to active site, meaning you need to have more of the agonist to overcome the competitive inhibitor

Question 24

Describe the relationship of an agonist and allosteric inhibitor

Answer 24

The allosteric inhibitor will bind outside the active site BUT make the active site less available, CANNOT BE OUTCOMPETED

Question 25

Describe what a agonist mimic or indirect agonist is

Answer 25

affects the response downstream, NOT at active site but has the same affect

Question 26

surmountable

Answer 26

competitive, can be overcome by the agonist

Question 27

insurmountable

Answer 27

non-competitive, can NOT be overcome by the agonist

Question 28

Describe how non-competitive inhibitors interact with agonist

Answer 28

CAN NOT be overcome by the agonist

Question 29

Partial Agonist

Answer 29

produces a lower response at full receptor occupany

Question 30

Explain how a partial agonist acts in presence of a full agonist

Answer 30

the more partial agonist, the less response we will have, thus eventuall leading to it acting like an antagonist when

Question 31

Describe a Inverse Agonist

Answer 31

favors the inactive form of a receptor, thus leading to it acting as an antagonist, even less response than an actual antagonist