chapter 1

Question 1

Encoding

Answer 1

Concept in the mind of the speaker

What am I going to say or communicate

Problem with encoding - take a little longer to put ideas together or taking longer to get back to you or miscommunication

Question 2

Communication

Answer 2

Communication is the process of exchanging information and ideas

An active process involves encoding, transmitting, and decoding messages

How someone interacts with another person in verbal and nonverbal ways

Question 3

Transmitting

Answer 3

Performing the physical act of conveying the information :
Gestures
Speech and language
Writing
Sign language
Texting
AAC
The problem with this = is frustration, fluency differences,

Question 4

Decoding

Answer 4

The listener receives the message both auditorily and visually and decodes it

It can be simultaneously transmitted in front of the speaker

The problem with this = a response lacking or a response of confusion, body language

Question 5

Additional Aspects of Communication

Answer 5

linguistic , extralinguistic, and paralinguistic

Question 6

linguistic communication

Answer 6

Speaking & Listening
Reading & Writing
Signing

Question 7

Extralinguistic

Answer 7

Paralinguistic cues
Metalinguistics skills
Nonlinguistic cues

Question 8

Paralinguistic cues

Answer 8

Can convey certain ideas and more ideas with the same turn of phrase

Intonation - changes in pitch to signal the mood of an utterance or the purpose of an utterance

We can modify how we are asking the same sentence :
Question: Rising pitch at the end of a sentence
Declarative sentence: falling pitch at the end of a sentence).

Pause -This can be used to emphasize a portion of the message
Makes them think about what you are saying
Uses this in a response stimulus cycle
Stress-Employed for emphasis
Rate-Varies with the speaker’s state of excitement and familiarity with the content.

Question 9

Nonlingutsic Cues

Answer 9

non-verbal cues
Include…
Gestures
Body posture
Facial expression
Eye contact
Head and body movement
Physical distance or proximity.

It can also be culturally dependent

Can anyone interpret what I am communicating?

Question 10

Metalinguistics skills

Answer 10

thinking about language in a deeper way

Critical thinking we know certain things without knowing why

Understanding ambiguity-
Identical forms that have different meanings (bug, fan, bat)

Phonological awareness (will be discussed later in the semester)
Important for the development of reading.

Grammatical Judgment
The ability to judge the correctness or incorrectness of sentences.
Refers to the unconscious knowledge of the linguistic rules.

Semantic discrepancy
My neighbor keeps me up at night because of her two catfights