Chapter 1

Question 1

1520 event when Aztecs attacked and defeated the Spanish forces

Answer 1

Noche triste

Question 2

1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal, dividing newly discovered lands outside Europe between them

Answer 2

Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 3

Spanish conquistador who led the conquest of the Inca Empire in the 1530s

Answer 3

Francisco Pizarro

Question 4

small, highly maneuverable sailing ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish during the Age of Exploration

Answer 4

Caravel

Question 5

indigenous agricultural method growing corn, beans, and squash

Answer 5

Three-Sister farming

Question 6

Italian explorer who sailed under the English flag and is credited with discovering parts of North America in 1497

Answer 6

Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot)

Question 7

Spanish queen who unified Spain, funded Columbus’s voyages, and completed the Reconquista.

Answer 7

Isabella of Castile

Question 8

a Spanish colonial system where settlers were granted the labor of indigenous people in exchange for protection and conversion to Christianity

Answer 8

Encomienda

Question 9

Spanish explorer who led expeditions in the 1540s across North America, exploring present-day southwestern U.S.

Answer 9

Francisco Coronado

Question 10

French explorer who claimed the Mississippi River basin for France, establishing Louisiana

Answer 10

Robert de la Salle

Question 11

Spanish Franciscan missionary who founded several missions in California in the 18th century

Answer 11

Father Junipero Serra

Question 12

Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered territories in the Americas during the Age of Exploration

Answer 12

Conquistadores

Question 13

indigenous Nahua woman who served as an interpreter, advisor, and lover to Hernán Cortés during the conquest of Mexico

Answer 13

Malinche

Question 14

the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World following Columbus’s voyages

Answer 14

Columbian Exchange

Question 15

Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that resulted in the fall of the Aztec Empire

Answer 15

Hernan Cortes

Question 16

a geological area of exposed Precambrian rock in eastern and central Canada, known for its rugged terrain and numerous lakes

Answer 16

Canadian Shield

Question 17

a Mesoamerican civilization in central Mexico, known for their powerful empire, rich culture, and advanced systems in agriculture and architecture

Answer 17

Aztecs

Question 18

a South American civilization known for their empire in the Andes, advanced engineering, and unique societal structure

Answer 18

Incas

Question 19

Native American city in Illinois, noted for its large mounds and being the center of the Mississippian culture

Answer 19

Cahokia

Question 20

1599 conflict between Spanish conquistadors and the Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico, resulting in a brutal Spanish victory and harsh repercussions for the Pueblo

Answer 20

Battle of Acoma

Question 21

ninth Aztec emperor that encountered Hernán Cortés and the Spanish conquistadors

Answer 21

Moctezuma

Question 22

people of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry

Answer 22

Mestizos

Question 23

friar and missionary who advocated for the rights of Indigenous peoples

Answer 23

Bartolome de las Casas

Question 24

Italian explorer whose 1492 voyage, sponsored by Spain, led to European awareness of the Americas

Answer 24

Christopher Columbus

Question 25

Spanish monarch who unified Spain, funded Columbus’s voyages, and led the Reconquista

Answer 25

Ferdinand of Aragon

Question 26

a propaganda term describing the exaggerated negative portrayal of Spanish colonial practices

Answer 26

Black legend

Question 27

uprising by Pueblo Indians against Spanish rule in New Mexico, leading to the first successful Native American revolt

Answer 27

Pope’s Rebellion (Pueblo Revolt)