Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

1520 event when Aztecs attacked and defeated the Spanish forces

A

Noche triste

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2
Q

1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal, dividing newly discovered lands outside Europe between them

A

Treaty of Tordesillas

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3
Q

Spanish conquistador who led the conquest of the Inca Empire in the 1530s

A

Francisco Pizarro

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4
Q

small, highly maneuverable sailing ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish during the Age of Exploration

A

Caravel

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5
Q

indigenous agricultural method growing corn, beans, and squash

A

Three-Sister farming

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6
Q

Italian explorer who sailed under the English flag and is credited with discovering parts of North America in 1497

A

Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot)

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7
Q

Spanish queen who unified Spain, funded Columbus’s voyages, and completed the Reconquista.

A

Isabella of Castile

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8
Q

a Spanish colonial system where settlers were granted the labor of indigenous people in exchange for protection and conversion to Christianity

A

Encomienda

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9
Q

Spanish explorer who led expeditions in the 1540s across North America, exploring present-day southwestern U.S.

A

Francisco Coronado

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10
Q

French explorer who claimed the Mississippi River basin for France, establishing Louisiana

A

Robert de la Salle

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11
Q

Spanish Franciscan missionary who founded several missions in California in the 18th century

A

Father Junipero Serra

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12
Q

Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered territories in the Americas during the Age of Exploration

A

Conquistadores

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13
Q

indigenous Nahua woman who served as an interpreter, advisor, and lover to Hernán Cortés during the conquest of Mexico

A

Malinche

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14
Q

the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World following Columbus’s voyages

A

Columbian Exchange

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15
Q

Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that resulted in the fall of the Aztec Empire

A

Hernan Cortes

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16
Q

a geological area of exposed Precambrian rock in eastern and central Canada, known for its rugged terrain and numerous lakes

A

Canadian Shield

17
Q

a Mesoamerican civilization in central Mexico, known for their powerful empire, rich culture, and advanced systems in agriculture and architecture

18
Q

a South American civilization known for their empire in the Andes, advanced engineering, and unique societal structure

19
Q

Native American city in Illinois, noted for its large mounds and being the center of the Mississippian culture

20
Q

1599 conflict between Spanish conquistadors and the Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico, resulting in a brutal Spanish victory and harsh repercussions for the Pueblo

A

Battle of Acoma

21
Q

ninth Aztec emperor that encountered Hernán Cortés and the Spanish conquistadors

22
Q

people of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry

23
Q

friar and missionary who advocated for the rights of Indigenous peoples

A

Bartolome de las Casas

24
Q

Italian explorer whose 1492 voyage, sponsored by Spain, led to European awareness of the Americas

A

Christopher Columbus

25
Spanish monarch who unified Spain, funded Columbus's voyages, and led the Reconquista
Ferdinand of Aragon
26
a propaganda term describing the exaggerated negative portrayal of Spanish colonial practices
Black legend
27
uprising by Pueblo Indians against Spanish rule in New Mexico, leading to the first successful Native American revolt
Pope's Rebellion (Pueblo Revolt)