Chapter 1 Flashcards
The Oceania Theory is based on the notion that cultural and linguistic similarities exist between native South American peoples and those from:
Australia and Polynesia
Australia and Indonesia
Austria and Polynesia
Alaska and Asia
North America and Oceania
Australia and Polynesia
Explanation
The culture and languages of South America had similar traits to those of Australia and Polynesia. This theory includes the use of boat travel that may explain the similar traits between the countries.
Spear tips that were first found in _____ were offered as evidence for the Land Bridge theory because similar points have been discovered in the area around Beringia.
Clovis, New Mexico
Sendai, Japan
Fairbanks, Alaska
Neah Bay, Washington
Hokkaido, Japan
Clovis, New Mexico
Explanation
Archeologists have found these specific, early spear points, originally found near Clovis, New Mexico. Being deemed Clovis Points, for a long time they were offered as evidence for the Land Bridge theory because similar points have been discovered in the area the around Beringia.
What is the most accepted theory of how early people found their way to the Americas?
The Boat Theory
The Atlantic Theory
The Ancient Astronaut Theory
The Bering Land Bridge Theory
The Oceania Theory
The Bering Land Bridge Theory
Explanation
During the last ice age, about 20,000 years ago lower water levels created a frozen bridge of land. The first settlers of the Americas are believed to have come across this land bridge called Beringia.
Why is the finding of the Kennewick Man considered evidence for the Oceania Theory?
Tests of the remains revealed that Kennewick Man had a dairy-free diet , eliminating the possibility of European descent.
Kennewick Man was carrying spear points that were very similar to points found in Europe.
The features of the Kennewick Man remains are in line with the Ainu, a native people of Hokkaido, Japan.
The remains revealed that Kennewick Man had been subjected to a skull reshaping ritual unique to the Balkan Illyrians.
The burial clothes of Kennewick Man adhere to the burial traditions of the Xiachuan Islanders in China.
The features of the Kennewick Man remains are in line with the Ainu, a native people of Hokkaido, Japan.
Explanation
The features of the Kennewick Man remains are in line with the Ainu, a native people of Hokkaido, Japan.
How were the first settlers of the Americas believed to have been influenced by Beringia?
Beringia is an ancient grain native to Alaska, which is believed to be solely responsible for the survival of the settlers in the winter months.
Beringia was a frozen land bridge caused by lower water levels during the last ice age, creating a new path of travel between Eurasia and the Americas.
Beringia was the first primitive ship built by Stone Age people, and effectively the beginning of water travel between continents.
Beringia was land mass connecting Eurasia with the Americas, until it sunk completely, stranding a portion of the population in the Americas.
Beringia was an island between Eurasia and the Americas which provided a midway stop for supplies, making travel between the areas possible.
Beringia was a frozen land bridge caused by lower water levels during the last ice age, creating a new path of travel between Eurasia and the Americas.
Explanation
During the last ice age, about 20,000 years ago (or a little less), lower water levels created a frozen bridge of land. The first settlers of the Americas are believed to have come across this land bridge called Beringia.
How did the Aztecs become a wealthy and glorious empire?
Through a very complex and modern mining system
By heavy taxation
By conquering other tribes and collecting tributes
The Aztec ruling dynasties had inherited large quantities of gold.
By conquering other tribes and collecting tributes
Explanation
The Aztecs established their glorious empire by conquering many and receiving tribute, creating great wealth.
Today, Mayan people can be found all over Southern Mexico. So why did so many people think that the Mayans disappeared?
The Maya left their cities due to overpopulation, famine and disease
Mayan cities have been destroyed by climate change and wars.
Most Mayan tribes were slaughtered when the Aztecs took over.
The Mayan languages and traditions have disappeared but not the Mayan people.
The Maya left their cities due to overpopulation, famine and disease
Explanation
The Mayan people left their cities due to famine and disease, but they are still all over the region. They just ceased being city dwellers for the time being.
The most influential factor in the fall of the Aztecs was:
Vulnerability to European disease
Lack of gunpowder
Religious differences
Less manpower
Vulnerability to European disease
Explanation
The simple, most influential factor in the fall of the Aztecs was disease. Much of the population was killed by the diseases brought by the Spanish. The Aztec had no immunity to these diseases.
Why are the Olmecs considered the first complex society in Mesoamerica?
They were the first hunters and collectors of the region.
They developed the region’s first written language and numbering system.
They originally migrated from Western Europe and settled the region before other societies.
They were the first to develop a medical tradition.
They developed the region’s first written language and numbering system.
Explanation
The Olmec developed the first written language and numbering system in Mesoamerica, which contributed to the fact that they can be considered the first civilization of its kind in Mesoamerica.
How did the Aztecs react to the arrival of the Spanish?
They prepared for war against the Spanish.
They welcomed the Spanish with gold and food.
They kindly offered the Spanish a no-war pact.
They tried to hide and protect their main cities from the Spanish.
They welcomed the Spanish with gold and food.
Explanation
When the Spanish showed up, the Aztecs gave them food, gold and women since they believed that the god, Quetzalcoatl (who, coincidentally, was believed to have light skin, red hair and light eyes) had returned to earth.
The Inca were defeated by:
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Ponce de Leon
Francisco Pizarro
Hernando Cortez
Francisco Vazquez de Coronado
Francisco Pizarro
Explanation
Pizarro arrived with his men and devised a plan to kidnap and ransom Atahualpa. After receiving the ransom, Pizarro killed the emperor anyway and left with the riches. The Spanish returned with a full army to defeat the weakened Incas.
The area from which the Inca originated is what country today?
Peru
Chile
Mexico
Brazil
Bolivia
Peru
Explanation
The Inca originated in what today is Peru but built their empire to include a large component of the western coast of South America.
The people known for leaving amazing lines in the deserts of Peru are called:
The Inca
The Peruvian People
The Nazca People
The Conquistadors
The Maya
The Nazca People
Explanation
The Nazca people of early Peruvian culture left the Nazca lines in the desert.
King Pachacutec of the Inca was:
All of the answers are correct.
His father’s replacement as king
An excellent leader who invited conquered peoples to join the Inca Empire
An important king of the Inca Empire
The subject of many differing stories and legends
All of the answers are correct.
Explanation
King Pachacutec was a great leader who brought conquered peoples into the Inca Empire and crowned himself Inca and replaced his father as the King. There are many different stories about him.
The last ruler of the Inca before the Spanish was:
Hugo Chavez
Montezuma
Atahualpa
Pachacutec
Manco Capac
Atahualpa
Explanation
Atahualpa won the civil war in 1525 to become emperor just before Pizarro and the Spanish arrived.
How were the Chinook and Tillamook able to achieve an affluent, highly complex society?
They dominated all other groups and were considered as leaders, so they easily achieved an affluent, highly complex society.
These groups were venerated, so they quickly achieved an affluent, highly complex society.
Food and building materials were readily available due to their positioning, so these groups had time to achieve an affluent, highly complex society.
These groups were hardworking, so they quickly achieved an affluent, highly complex society.
Food and building materials were readily available due to their positioning, so these groups had time to achieve an affluent, highly complex society.
Explanation
Food and building materials were readily available for their large plank houses and seaworthy boats and so the groups (for example Chinook and Tillamook) had time to achieve an affluent, highly complex society. An individual’s prestige and rank were determined by the quantities of material possessions he could give away.
