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Science f3 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the human nervous system

A

an important control system in body coordination

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2
Q

Human nervous system consists of two types:

A
  • central nervous system
  • peripheral nervous system
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3
Q

Which parts are related to central nervous system

A
  • brain
    -spinal cord
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4
Q

Which parts are related to peripheral nervous system

A
  • 12 pairs of cranial nerves ( connect brain to sensory & internal organs)
  • 31 pairs of spinal nerves (connect spinal cord to skeletal muscles)
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5
Q

State main function of hns

A

controls n coordinates organs & parts of the body

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6
Q

State other functions of hns

A
  • detects stimuli
  • interprets impulses
  • send information in form of impulses
  • produce appropriate responses
  • maintains a balanced internal enviroment
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7
Q

Cornea layer:

A
  • transparent layer
  • refracts n focuses light onto the retina
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8
Q

Iris:

A
  • coloured part of the eye
  • controls the size of the pupil
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9
Q

Pupil:

A
  • opening in the centre of the iris
  • controls the quantity of the light entering the eye
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10
Q

Aqueous Humour

A
  • transparent fluid
  • maintains the shape of the eyeball
  • focuses light into the eye
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11
Q

Conjuctiva

A
  • transparent membrane
  • protects the front part of the sclera
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12
Q

Vitreous humour

A
  • transparent jelly like substance
  • maintains shape of the eyeball
  • focuses light onto the retina
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13
Q

Blind Spot

A
  • part of the retina thats not sensitive to light as there are no photoreceptors
  • an exit point for all optic nerves fibres
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14
Q

Optic nerves

A
  • nerve fibres
  • carry nerve impulses frm retina to brain to be interpreted
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15
Q

Yellow Spot

A
  • part of the retina
  • most sensitive to light = many photoreceptors
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16
Q

Retina

A
  • Layer containing photoreceptors
  • detects light
  • produces nerve impulses
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17
Q

Explain more on the photoreceptors found in the retina

A

Two types:
Rod Cells: senstive to diff light intensities
Cone cells: sensitive to the colors of light
(each is sensitive to diff types of light) red, green and blue light

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18
Q

Choroid

A
  • black layer
  • prevents reflection of light in the eye
  • supplies oxygen and nutrients to the eye
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19
Q

Sclera

A
  • strong layer
  • maintains shape of the eye
  • protects the eye
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20
Q

Eye Lens

A
  • transparent and elastic convex lens
  • focuses light onto the retina
21
Q

Ciliary Muscle

A
  • Muscle that changes the thickness of the eye lens
    -> through contractions & relaxations
22
Q

Suspensory ligaments

A
  • strong fibres
  • hold the eye lens in its position
23
Q

3 parts in a ear

A

outer ear
middle ear
inner ear

24
Q

outer ear consists of

A

earlobe
ear canal

25
Q

middle ear consists of

A

eardrum
ossicles
oval window
eustachian tube

26
Q

inner tube consists of

A

cochlea
semicircular canals
auditory nerve

27
Q

function earlobe

A

collects n directs sound waves into the ear canal

28
Q

function ear canal

A

directs sound waves to the eardrum

29
Q

function of eardrum

A

thin membrane vibrates according to the frequency of the sounds waves received & transfers the vibration to ossicles

30
Q

function of ossicles

A

made of 3 small bones to amplify sound vibrations and transfer them to the oval window

31
Q

Function oval window

A

collect and transfer sound vibrations frm ossicles to the cochlea

32
Q

function eustachian tube

A

balance the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum

33
Q

function cochlea

A

detects and converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses

34
Q

function semicircular canals

A

contains fluid , detect position of the head n help to balance the body

35
Q

function auditory nerve

A

send nerve impulses frm cochlea to the brain to be interpreted

36
Q

which 2 structure of the ear arent used in the hearing process

A
  • eustachian tube
  • semicircular canals
37
Q

State the flow of path of light

A

cornea—> AH—-> Pupil —> eye lens —–> VH—> Retina—–> optic nerves—–> brain

38
Q

When does an optical illusion occur

A

an object that is seen differs frm its actual state

39
Q

Why do optical illusions happen

A

the brain is unable to accurately interpret the object seen by the eye due to distractions around the object

40
Q

What is the meaning of tropism

A

directional response of plants to stimuli

41
Q

The part of plant which grows towards a stimulus is known as

A

positive tropism

42
Q

the part of plant which grows away from a stimulus is known as

A

negative tropism

43
Q

why do plants need to responsive towards stimuli such as light , gravity n water

A

So that they can appropriately to ensure their sustainability n survival

44
Q

name the 4 types of tropism

A

phototropism
hydrotropism
geotropism
thigmotropism

45
Q

Explain phototropism

A
  • response of plants towards light
  • shoots of plants show positive phototropism
46
Q

explain hydrotropism

A
  • response of plants towards water
  • roots plants show positive hydrotropism
  • absorb dissolved mineral salts to stay alive
47
Q

explain geotropism

A
  • towards gravity
  • roots of plants show positive geotropism
  • pg allow roots grow deep into the ground to grip n stablilise the position of the plant in the ground
  • shoots show negative tropism
  • ng allow shoot n leaves to obtain sunlight
48
Q

explain thigmotropism

A
  • response towards touch
  • tendrils or twining stems show positive
  • pt enables plants to grow upwards obtain sunlight, grip objects to obtain support
  • roots show negative thing bc avoid object that obstruct their search for water
49
Q

Nastic movement

A
  • response towards touch
  • does not depend on direction of stimulus
  • occurs more rapidly than tropism
  • serves as a defence

Science f3 (4 decks)

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