CHAPTER 1

Question 1

an interdisciplinary field that studies and
manipulates the composition and structure of materials across length scales to control materials properties through synthesis and processing

Answer 1

Materials science and engineering (MSE)

Question 2

chemical make-up of a material

Answer 2

composition

Question 3

arrangement of atoms, as seen at different levels of detail

Answer 3

structure

Question 4

means how materials are shaped into useful components to cause changes in the properties of different materials

Answer 4

processing

Question 4

refers to how materials are made from naturally occurring or man-made chemicals

Answer 4

synthesis

Question 5

One of the most important functions of materials scientists and engineers is to establish the relationships

Answer 5

a. between a material
or a device’s properties
b. performance
c. microstructure of that material - composition
d. the way the material or the device was synthesized and processed

Question 6

emphasis is on the underlying relationships between the synthesis and processing, structure, and properties of materials

Answer 6

materials science

Question 7

focus is on how to translate or transform materials into useful devices or structures

Answer 7

materials engineering

Question 8

has a profound influence on many
properties of materials, even if the overall composition does not change but change in its internal structure

Answer 8

material’s structure

Question 9

repeatedly bending the pure copper wire

Answer 9

a. wire becomes harder
b. increasingl brittle
c. electrical resistivity of the wire increases

Question 10

microscopic scale structure

Answer 10

microstructure

Question 11

formed by incorporating multiple components in a material in such a way that the properties of the resultant material are unique and not otherwise attainable

Answer 11

composites

Question 12

reasons why Boeing utilized carbon fiber-reinforced plastic

Answer 12

to reduce the weight of fuselage thereby increasing fuel efficiency which significantly increases the performance to cost ratio of the aircraft

Question 13

the five groups of materials

Answer 13

a. metals and alloys
b. ceramics, glasses, and glass-ceramics
c. polymers
d. semiconductors
e. composite

Question 14

copper

Answer 14

a. electrical conductor wire
b. high electrical conductivity
c. good formability

Question 15

gray cast iron

Answer 15

a. automobile engine blocks
b. castable
c. machinable
d. vibration-damping

Question 16

alloy steels

Answer 16

a. wrenches, automobile chassis
b. significantly strengthened by heat treatment

Question 17

SiO2-Na2O-CaO

Answer 17

a. window glass
b. optically transparent
c. thermally insulating

Question 18

Al2O3, MgO, SiO2

Answer 18

a. refractories for containing molten metal
b. thermally insulating
c. withstand high temperatures
d. relatively inert to molten metal

Question 19

Barium titanate

Answer 19

a. Capacitors for microelectronics
b. high ability to store charge

Question 20

Silica

Answer 20

a. optical fibers for information technology
b. low optical losses

Question 21

polyethylene

Answer 21

a. food packaging
b. easily formed into thin, flexible, airtight film

Question 22

epoxy

Answer 22

a. encapsulation of integrated circuits
b. electrically insulating
c. moisture resistant

Question 23

phenolics

Answer 23

a. adhesives for joining plies in plywood
b. strong
c. moisture resistant

Question 24

silicon

Answer 24

a. transistors are integrated circuits b. unique electrical behavior

Question 25

GaAs

Answer 25

a. optoelectronic systems b. converts electrical signals to light c. used in lasers d. laser diodes

Question 25

Graphite-epoxy

Answer 25

a. aircraft components b. high strength-to-weight ratio

Question 25

Tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co)

Answer 25

a. carbide cutting tools for machining b. high hardness c. good shock resistance

Question 25

Titanium-clad steel

Answer 25

a. reactor vessels b. low cost c. high strength of steel with the corrosion resistance of titanium

Question 26

metallic materials

Answer 26

a. used for load-bearing applications b. mechanical properties are of great practical interest

Question 27

refers to load or force per unit area

Answer 27

stress

Question 28

refers to elongation or change in dimension divided by the original dimension

Answer 28

strain

Question 29

if the strain goes away after the load or applied stress is removed

Answer 29

elastic strain

Question 30

if the strain remains after the stress is removed

Answer 30

plastic strain

Question 31

Young's modulus

Answer 31

a. deformation is elastic b. stress and strain are linearly related c. slope of the stress strain diagram

Question 32

yield strength

Answer 32

level of stress needed to initiate plastic deformation