CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
an interdisciplinary field that studies and
manipulates the composition and structure of materials across length scales to control materials properties through synthesis and processing
Materials science and engineering (MSE)
chemical make-up of a material
composition
arrangement of atoms, as seen at different levels of detail
structure
means how materials are shaped into useful components to cause changes in the properties of different materials
processing
refers to how materials are made from naturally occurring or man-made chemicals
synthesis
One of the most important functions of materials scientists and engineers is to establish the relationships
a. between a material
or a device’s properties
b. performance
c. microstructure of that material - composition
d. the way the material or the device was synthesized and processed
emphasis is on the underlying relationships between the synthesis and processing, structure, and properties of materials
materials science
focus is on how to translate or transform materials into useful devices or structures
materials engineering
has a profound influence on many
properties of materials, even if the overall composition does not change but change in its internal structure
material’s structure
repeatedly bending the pure copper wire
a. wire becomes harder
b. increasingl brittle
c. electrical resistivity of the wire increases
microscopic scale structure
microstructure
formed by incorporating multiple components in a material in such a way that the properties of the resultant material are unique and not otherwise attainable
composites
reasons why Boeing utilized carbon fiber-reinforced plastic
to reduce the weight of fuselage thereby increasing fuel efficiency which significantly increases the performance to cost ratio of the aircraft
the five groups of materials
a. metals and alloys
b. ceramics, glasses, and glass-ceramics
c. polymers
d. semiconductors
e. composite
copper
a. electrical conductor wire
b. high electrical conductivity
c. good formability
gray cast iron
a. automobile engine blocks
b. castable
c. machinable
d. vibration-damping
alloy steels
a. wrenches, automobile chassis
b. significantly strengthened by heat treatment
SiO2-Na2O-CaO
a. window glass
b. optically transparent
c. thermally insulating
Al2O3, MgO, SiO2
a. refractories for containing molten metal
b. thermally insulating
c. withstand high temperatures
d. relatively inert to molten metal
Barium titanate
a. Capacitors for microelectronics
b. high ability to store charge
Silica
a. optical fibers for information technology
b. low optical losses
polyethylene
a. food packaging
b. easily formed into thin, flexible, airtight film
epoxy
a. encapsulation of integrated circuits
b. electrically insulating
c. moisture resistant
phenolics
a. adhesives for joining plies in plywood
b. strong
c. moisture resistant
silicon
a. transistors are integrated circuits
b. unique electrical behavior
GaAs
a. optoelectronic systems
b. converts electrical signals to light
c. used in lasers
d. laser diodes
Graphite-epoxy
a. aircraft components
b. high strength-to-weight ratio
Tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co)
a. carbide cutting tools for machining
b. high hardness
c. good shock resistance
Titanium-clad steel
a. reactor vessels
b. low cost
c. high strength of steel with the corrosion resistance of titanium
metallic materials
a. used for load-bearing applications
b. mechanical properties are of great practical interest
refers to load or force per unit area
stress
refers to elongation or change in dimension divided by the original dimension
strain
if the strain goes away after the load or applied stress is removed
elastic strain
if the strain remains after the stress is removed
plastic strain
Young’s modulus
a. deformation is elastic
b. stress and strain are linearly related
c. slope of the stress strain diagram
yield strength
level of stress needed to initiate plastic deformation
