CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
- CPU, its parts, its functions
define CPU
The Central processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It controls what the computer does and is responsible for performing calculations and data processing. It also handles the movement of data to and from system memory
define input device
device isany hardware device that that allow users to feed data or instructions into a computer, allowing you tointeract with and control it.
input examples
Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse,scanners, cameras, joysticks, and microphones.
define output device
An output device isany hardware device used to send data from a computer toanother device or user. Processed data from the computer is usually transformed into audio or video.
list the parts of a CPU
inputdevice-> central processing unit: control unit, arithmetic and logic unit (memory unit)-> output device
function of arithmetic logic unit
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs:
- simple addition,
subtraction, multiplication - logic operations such as OR and AND
function of the control unit
coordinates the operation of all other parts of the computer, managing the flow of instructions and data.
explain ROM
- read only memory
- a non volatile memory
- rom receives data, permanently writes it on a chip, and it lasts even after youve turned off your computer.
explain RAM
- random access memory
- volatile memory (short term memory)
- ram is where data and instructions are stored that the computer processor needs to run apps and files
explain backing storage
-backing storage or secondary storage is a non-volatile data storage that retains the computers data even after its been turned off.
-Unlike RAM and ROM, backing storage is not directly addressable (it cannot be read directly by the CPU)
-Has much slower access data access time than RAM and ROM
explain cache size
- a short access time computer memory
- a small amount of memory even closer than RAM
- the CPU can quickly get instructions and data from CACHE
explain word size
the amount of data a computer can fetch in one cycle is called the word size.
what is the fetch execute cycle
the fetch execute cycle is the computers basic operation or instruction cycle.
the computer retrieves programming instructions from memory during the steps of the fetch execute cycle
-It then begins to perform and execute the necessary actions for that instruction.
explain the steps of the fetch execute cycle
- FETCH
instructions are fetched from RAM by the control unit - DECODE
The instruction is decoded into binary number code so that it is computer readable - EXECUTE
the instruction is sent from the control unit to the ALU, which performs the instruction. - SAVE
if a result is produced, the ALU sends it back to RAM.
who is the father of AI
John McCarthy
define robot
A robot is a machine designed to execute a task with great accuracy.
Robots are autonomous and acts independently without constant human intervention
define robotics
the field of science and technology of robots
robots are used in what fields
-medicine
-agriculture
-manufacturing
-distribution
-disaster recovery
list new developments in robotics
VGR: vision guided robots. Allows robots to see in 2D and 3D with the use of video cameras
NLP: voice recognition and natural processing. Gives robots a sense of hearing, and can be applied in virtual assistants such as siri.
sensor examples
-proximity sensors
-pressure pads
-switches
define AI
AI is the use of computers to simulate intelligent behavior and problem solving capabilities.
pros of robotics
- can carry out repetitive work reliably
- work quickly and consistently without breaks
- have the capacity to work in dangerous and hazardous environments humans have limitations in. e.g. with hazardous materials, dangerous places, inaccessible to humans.
cons of robotics
- costly initial investment and maintenance
-environmental impact of production
-loss of human jobs
-impacts on social interaction
define RTO in robotics
Real time operating systems allow robots to operate in real life and respond in real time
