Chapter 1 Flashcards
majority identity
majority identity
A sense of belonging to a dominant group.
gender identity
gender identity
The identification with the cultural notions of masculinity and femininity and what it means to be a man or a woman
gender identity
The identification with the cultural notions of masculinity and femininity and what it means to be a man or a
cisgender
Those people who identify their gender that matches their biological bodies are called cisgender. A cis-man, for example, is someone who identifies as a male or man and was born into a male body
Transgender
Transgender refers to identification with a gender that differs from the biologically assigned gender at birth.
Sexual identity
exual identity refers to one’s identification with various categories of sexuali
age identity
The identification with the cultural conventions of how we should act, look, and behave according to our age.
racial identity
Identifying with a particular racial group. Although in the past racial groups were classified on the basis of biological characteristics, most scientists now recognize that race is constructed in fluid social and historical contexts.
ethnic identity
may be seen as a set of ideas about one’s own ethnic group membership. It typically includes several dimensions: (1) self-identification, (2) knowledge about the ethnic culture (traditions, customs, values, and behaviors), and (3) feelings about belonging to a particular ethnic group. Ethnic identity often involves a shared sense of origin and history, which may link ethnic groups to distant cultures in Asia, Europe, Latin America, or other locations.
hyphenated Americans
hyphenated Americans
U.S. Americans who identify not only with being U.S. citizens but also as being members of ethnic groups.
Religious identity
A sense of belonging to a religious group.
national identity
national identity
National citizenship.
class identity
class identity
A sense of belonging to a group that shares similar economic, occupational, or social status.
Stateless
People who do not hold citizenship in any country are called stateless
regional identity
Identification with a specific geographic region of a nation.
personal identity
personal identity
Who we think we are and who others think we are.
encapsulated marginal
encapsulated marginal
A person who feels trapped by their marginalization.
constructive marginal
A person who thrives in their marginalization.
stereotypes
stereotypes
Widely held beliefs about a group of people.
model minority
A stereotype that characterizes all Asians and Asian Americans as hardworking and serious and so a “good” minority.
Ethnicity
refers to shared national origins or cultural patterns
culture
The learned behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes that are characteristic of an individual society or population, and the products that people create.
cultural competence
Knowledge and understanding about other races, ethnic groups, cultures, and minority groups.
Prejudice
refers to evaluations or judgments of members of a group based on their membership in the group and not on their particular characteristics as individuals.
discrimination
Discrimination is behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group
stereotypes
Prejudice and discrimination are maintained by stereotypes—beliefs and expectations about members of a group
implicit bias
Stereotypes can lead to the development of implicit bias, bias against particular groups about which we’re not consciously aware
stereotype vulnerability
obstacles to performance that occur when an individual starts to believe a stereotype about themselves
disidentify
disidentify with, or actively reject, academic success by minimizing the importance of academic endeavors
Systemic racism
is a combination of institutional barriers that, stemming from historical factors, harms members of groups that have been traditionally discriminated against
Loneliness
Loneliness is a subjective state: We can be totally alone and not feel lonely, or we can be in the midst of a crowd and feel lonely. Loneliness occurs when we don’t experience the level of connection with others that we desire
Justice
Justice refers to the fair and impartial treatment of individuals under the law
fairness
fairness is about treating individuals equally and impartially, without any discrimination or bias.
Equality
Equality refers to the idea that everyone should be treated the same and receive the same resources, regardless of their differences and sometimes their individual needs
Equity
Equity, on the other hand, means fairness or justice in the way resources and opportunities are distributed
