Chapter 1

Question 1

majority identity

Answer 1

majority identity
A sense of belonging to a dominant group.

Question 2

gender identity

Answer 2

gender identity
The identification with the cultural notions of masculinity and femininity and what it means to be a man or a woman

Question 3

gender identity

Answer 3

The identification with the cultural notions of masculinity and femininity and what it means to be a man or a

Question 4

cisgender

Answer 4

Those people who identify their gender that matches their biological bodies are called cisgender. A cis-man, for example, is someone who identifies as a male or man and was born into a male body

Question 5

Transgender

Answer 5

Transgender refers to identification with a gender that differs from the biologically assigned gender at birth.

Question 6

Sexual identity

Answer 6

exual identity refers to one’s identification with various categories of sexuali

Question 7

age identity

Answer 7

The identification with the cultural conventions of how we should act, look, and behave according to our age.

Question 8

racial identity

Answer 8

Identifying with a particular racial group. Although in the past racial groups were classified on the basis of biological characteristics, most scientists now recognize that race is constructed in fluid social and historical contexts.

Question 9

ethnic identity

Answer 9

may be seen as a set of ideas about one’s own ethnic group membership. It typically includes several dimensions: (1) self-identification, (2) knowledge about the ethnic culture (traditions, customs, values, and behaviors), and (3) feelings about belonging to a particular ethnic group. Ethnic identity often involves a shared sense of origin and history, which may link ethnic groups to distant cultures in Asia, Europe, Latin America, or other locations.

Question 10

hyphenated Americans

Answer 10

hyphenated Americans
U.S. Americans who identify not only with being U.S. citizens but also as being members of ethnic groups.

Question 11

Religious identity

Answer 11

A sense of belonging to a religious group.

Question 12

national identity

Answer 12

national identity
National citizenship.

Question 13

class identity

Answer 13

class identity
A sense of belonging to a group that shares similar economic, occupational, or social status.

Question 14

Stateless

Answer 14

People who do not hold citizenship in any country are called stateless

Question 15

regional identity

Answer 15

Identification with a specific geographic region of a nation.

Question 16

personal identity

Answer 16

personal identity
Who we think we are and who others think we are.

Question 17

encapsulated marginal

Answer 17

encapsulated marginal
A person who feels trapped by their marginalization.

Question 18

constructive marginal

Answer 18

A person who thrives in their marginalization.

Question 19

stereotypes

Answer 19

stereotypes
Widely held beliefs about a group of people.

Question 20

model minority

Answer 20

A stereotype that characterizes all Asians and Asian Americans as hardworking and serious and so a “good” minority.

Question 21

Ethnicity

Answer 21

refers to shared national origins or cultural patterns

Question 22

culture

Answer 22

The learned behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes that are characteristic of an individual society or population, and the products that people create.

Question 23

cultural competence

Answer 23

Knowledge and understanding about other races, ethnic groups, cultures, and minority groups.

Question 24

Prejudice

Answer 24

refers to evaluations or judgments of members of a group based on their membership in the group and not on their particular characteristics as individuals.

Question 25

discrimination

Answer 25

Discrimination is behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group

Question 26

stereotypes

Answer 26

Prejudice and discrimination are maintained by stereotypes—beliefs and expectations about members of a group

Question 27

implicit bias

Answer 27

Stereotypes can lead to the development of implicit bias, bias against particular groups about which we’re not consciously aware

Question 28

stereotype vulnerability

Answer 28

obstacles to performance that occur when an individual starts to believe a stereotype about themselves

Question 29

disidentify

Answer 29

disidentify with, or actively reject, academic success by minimizing the importance of academic endeavors

Question 30

Systemic racism

Answer 30

is a combination of institutional barriers that, stemming from historical factors, harms members of groups that have been traditionally discriminated against

Question 31

Loneliness

Answer 31

Loneliness is a subjective state: We can be totally alone and not feel lonely, or we can be in the midst of a crowd and feel lonely. Loneliness occurs when we don’t experience the level of connection with others that we desire

Question 32

Justice

Answer 32

Justice refers to the fair and impartial treatment of individuals under the law

Question 33

fairness

Answer 33

fairness is about treating individuals equally and impartially, without any discrimination or bias.

Question 34

Equality

Answer 34

Equality refers to the idea that everyone should be treated the same and receive the same resources, regardless of their differences and sometimes their individual needs

Question 35

Equity

Answer 35

Equity, on the other hand, means fairness or justice in the way resources and opportunities are distributed