Chapter 1 Flashcards
Axillary
Armpit
Brachial
Upper arm
Antebrachial
Forearm
Cubital
Elbow
Antecubital
Front of elbow
Palmar
Palm side of hand
Inguinal
Base of spine, tail bone
Popliteal
Behind knee
Crural
Leg below knee
Aural
Calf of leg
Femoral
Thigh
Dorsum
Top of foot and back of hand
Plantar
Bottom / sole of foot
Process
A part of a bone that “sticks out”
Tubercle, tuberosity
A bump or bulging place on a bone
Fossa
A smooth, flat part of a bone
Head (bony landmark)
Enlarged rounded end of a long bone
Condyle
Dual rounded protruding ends of a long bone that articulate with the next bone
Epicondyle
A place on a long bone just above the condyle
Foramen
A hole in a bone; vessels, nerves or other structures pass through the hole
What kind of joint are:
Sutures, teeth in sockets, and the meeting of the 1st rib and sternum
Synarthrotic
Most ligaments are ________ the joint capsule.
Outside
Extracapsular ligaments
Ligaments that are outside the joint capsule and span the bones that make up the joint.
Intracapsular ligaments
Ligaments that are embedded within the fibrous material of the joint capsule itself, or can be completely inside the joint cavity
Cartilage pads
(Small discs or menisci) - extra padding, protection, shaping and containment inside the synovial cavity
Bursae / (single is “bursa”)
-A sac containing synovial fluid that serves as a shock absorber and reduces friction between moving structures. Are primarily found where a tendon may rub on a bone
How is the composition of a bursa similar to a joint capsule?
They both have fibrous connective tissue lined with synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
Six types of synovial joints
-Ball and Socket
-Pivot
-Hinge
-ellipsoid / condyloid
- gliding
- saddle
Ball and socket joints are _______ because they have _____ axes
Triaxial, 3 axes
Pivot joints are ______ because they have ____ axes
Uniaxial, 1 axis
Hinge joints are _______uniaxial because they have ___ axes
Uniaxial, 1 axis
Ellipsoid / Condyloid joints are ________ because they have _____ axes
Biaxial, 2 axes
Gliding joints are _______ because they have _____ axes
Non-axial, no axes
Saddle joints are _____ because they have ______ axes
Biaxial, 2 axes
flexion and extension occur in which plane?
Sagittal plane
Abduction and addiction occur in which plane?
Frontal plane
Left and right Lateral flexion occur in which plane?
Frontal
Lateral (External) rotation and medial (internal) rotation occur in which plane?
Transverse plane
Left and right rotation or the neck and trunk occur in which plane?
Sagittal plane
The Sagittal plane pairs with the ____________ axis
Coronal axis
The axis is __________ to the plane.
Perpendicular
The coronal plane pairs with the ________ axis
Sagittal axis
The transverse plane pairs with the ____________ axis
The longitudinal axis
Non-planar movements
Movements that do not fit into the simple 3-plane/3-axis system
Examples of nonplanar movements
- Oblique / diagonal / circular movements
- Specialty actions
What are the “specialty action” movements?
-Elevation
-depression
-lateral deviation
Why are elevation, depression, and lateral deviation non-planar movements?
These movements are sliding/gliding, so they don’t turn about an axis
Why are oblique/diagonal/circular movements non-planar?
They are analyzed as combinations and sequences of the basic planar movements
Flexion and extension pairs occur on ______ axes
One axis
Abduction and adduction pairs occur on ______ axes
Two axes
Rotation pairs occur on ______ axes
Three axes
Why is a pivot joint Uniaxial?
It only does rotation
Why is a ball and socket joint triaxial?
It does all three action pairs
What are the joint axis movement pairs?
-flexion/extension
-abduction/adduction
-rotation
Why is a hinge joint Uniaxial?
It only does flexion/extension
Why is a gliding joint nonaxial?
It does small gliding movements and does not move about an axis
Why is a saddle joint Biaxial?
It does flexion/extension and abduction/adduction, but it has a limited form of rotation also
