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PSYC 2301 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Thinking critically with Psychological Science

1
Q

What is an evidence-based method that draws on observation and experimentation?

A

The Empirical Approach

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2
Q

What is critical thinking?

A

Examines evidence, Appraises sources, Discerns Bias,Evaluates Evidence, Assesses Conclusions

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3
Q

What was psychology’s first laboratory?

A

Wilhelm Wundt, Atoms of the mind

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4
Q

What was psychology’s first school of thought?

A

Edwards Bradford Titchener - Structuralism
William James - Functionalism/ stream of counsiousness thinking

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5
Q

What is a scientific attitude?

A

Having skepticism without cynicism and having an open mind verses being gullible

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6
Q

What are the three key elements of having a scientific attitude?

A

Curiosity, Skepticism, Humility

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7
Q

Explain Titchener’s Structuralism

A

Introspection is used to search for the mind’s structural elements.

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8
Q

Explain James’s Functionalism

A

To go beyond inner thoughts and feelings and consider their evolved functions.

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9
Q

Who wrote the principles of psychology in 1890?

A

William James

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10
Q

Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?

A

Student of William James who became the first woman president of the American Psychology Association

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11
Q

Who was Margaret Floy Washburn?

A

First woman to receive a psychology PHD

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12
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

standardized way of making observations, gathering data, forming theories, testing predictions, and interpreting results

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13
Q

What is correlation?

A

A measure of the extent to which two events vary together and thus of how well either one predicts the other

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14
Q

What is a random assignment?

A

assigning participants to experimental control groups by chance, thus minimizing the difference between the groups

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15
Q

Who is John B Watson?

A

worked with Rosalie Rayner and championed psychology as the scientific study of behavior

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16
Q

Who wrote the animal mind?

A

Margaret Floy Washburn

17
Q

What are the four big ideas to pscyhology?

A

the biophysical approach, the two-track mind, critical thinking, and exploring human rights

18
Q

What is beahiorism?

A

the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

19
Q

What did B.F Skinner study?

A

He rejected the idea of studying inner thoughts and feelings; and studied how consequences shape behavior

20
Q

What was Freud’s psychoanalytical psychology?

A

emphasized the ways our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior.

21
Q

What are humanistic pscyhologist?

A

A historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential

22
Q

What did Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow study?

A

Focused on growth potential, our needs for love and acceptance, and how our environments limit or nurtures personal growth

23
Q

What is cognitive psychology?

A

the study of mental processing such as receiving, learning, thinking, memory, communicating, and solving problems.

24
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience?

A

the interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory and language)

25
Q

What is psychology?

A

the science of behavior and mental processes

26
Q

What did Plato assume?

A

Plato assumed that we inherited character and intelligence and that certain ideas are inborn.

27
Q

What was the view of Aristotle?

A

Aristotle assumed nothing in the mind that doesn’t come from external world experiences.

28
Q

What is Charles Darwin’s belief?

A

Natural selection -the principle that inherits traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will most likely be passed on to the suceeding generation

29
Q

What is evolutionary psychology?

A

the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection.

30
Q

What is behavior genetics?

A

the study of relative power and the limits of genetics and environmental influences on behavior

31
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

the brain’s enormous capacity to learn and adapt

32
Q

what is epigenetics?

A

how experience can influence genetic expression

33
Q

What is positive psychology?

A

The belief that happiness is a byproduct of a please, engaged and meaningful life.

34
Q

The biopsychosocial approach integrates what three levels of analysis?

A

The biological, psychological and the social-cultural.

35
Q
A

PSYC 2301 (2 decks)

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