Chapter 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Cortisol excess causes what?
Cushing syndrome
What is acromegaly?
Growth hormone excess
What are some similarities between nervous and endocrine system?
Both communicate by chemical means
Several chemicals act as what?
Hormones & neurotransmitters
Some hormones are secreted by neurons called?
Neuroendocrine cells (oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone)
Some neurotransmitters & hormones produce identical effects on ?
Target cells (glucagon and norepinephrine both stimulate glycogen hydrolysis in liver)
What are the methods of communication?
Autocines, gap junctions, neurotransmitters, paracrine, endocrine
Endocrine cells and tissue require what?
Target cells with receptors
What is chronic hormone secretion?
Relatively constant blood levels of hormone over long periods of time.
Example: thyroid hormone
What is Acute hormone secretion
Occurs when the hormone concentration changes suddenly & irregularly & its circulating levels differ W each stimulus.
Example: epinephrine is released i large amounts in response to stress
What is episodic hormone secretion?
Occurs when hormones are secreted at family predictable intervals & concentrations.
Example:Reproductive hormones
What is the anterior lobe Called in the pituitary?
Adenohypophysis
What is the posterior lobe called in the pituitary?
Neurohyophysis
The hypothalamus is also called the?
The control Center
What does the hypothalamus regulate?
Food, water, temp, sex
How many hormones does the hypothalamus produce in total?
8
What are the 4 releasing hormones?
Thyrotropin,corticotropin, gonadotrophin, growth hormone
What are the an inhibiting hormones?
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone, somatostatin
Is also produces what? That is stored in posterior pituitary
Oxytocin & anti diuretic hormone
Hormones are not secreted At a?
Constant rate
What is - feed back inhibition?
Hormone from target organ inhibits secretion of tropic hormone by pituitary
Example: thyroid hormone inhibits TRH & TSH secretion
What is + feedback?
Hormone from target organ stimulates secretion of tropic
Example: estrogen from ovaries stimulates LH secretion
Where is the pineal gland attached?
To roof of 3rd ventricle beneath the posterior end of corpus callous
After the age of 7 the Pineal gland undergoes what?
Involution
