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analytical chemistry > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

It is a measurement science consisting of a set powerful ideas and methods that are useful in all fields of science and medicine.

A

Analytical Chemistry

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2
Q

It is always associated with a chemical formula and is Avogadro’s number.

A

Mole

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3
Q

It is an invariant measure of the amount of matter in an object.

A

Mass

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4
Q

It is the force of attraction between an object and its surroundings, principally Earth

A

Weight

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5
Q

It is the total number of moles of solute, regardless of its chemical state, on one liter of solution.

A

Analytical Molarity

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6
Q

It is the molar concentration of a particular species in a solution at equilibrium.

A

Equilibrium Molarity

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7
Q

It is frequently used to express the concentration of commercial aqueous reagents.

A

Weight percent

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8
Q

It is commonly used to specify the concentration of a solution prepared by diluting a pure liquid solute with another liquid.

A

Volume percent

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9
Q

It is often used to indicate the composition of a dilute aqueous solutions of a solid reagents.

A

Weight/Volume percent

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10
Q

It is the mass of a substance per unit volume.

A

Density

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11
Q

It is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water.

A

Specific gravity

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12
Q

It gives the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a chemical compound.

A

Empirical formula

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13
Q

It specifies the number of atoms in a molecule

A

Molecular formula

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14
Q

It provides additional information.

A

Structural formula

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15
Q

It reveals chemical identity of elements and compounds in a sample.

A

Qualitative Analysis

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16
Q

It determines the relative amounts of each substance in a sample

A

Quantitative Analysis

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17
Q

A components of a sample that are to be determined.

A

Analytes

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18
Q

It use and science and technology to solve practical problems.

A

Analytical chemistry

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19
Q

It is applied in all areas of science, industry, and medicine.

A

Analytical chemistry

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20
Q

What is the concentrations of blood samples?

A

O2 and CO2

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21
Q

It determine the mass of analyte or some compound chemically related to it.

A

Gravimetric methods

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22
Q

It use the volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to react with the analyte.

A

Volumetric methods

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23
Q

It measures electrical properties (potential, current, resistance) to find composition of samples.

A

Electroanalytical methods

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24
Q

It based on interaction of electromagnetic radiation with analyte atoms & molecules, or on the production of radiation by analytes.

A

Spectroscopic methods

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25
Q

It is an instrument for determining mass with a maximum capacity that ranges from 1 g to a few kilograms with a precision of at least 1 part in 105 at maximum capacity

A

Analytical balance

26
Q

It is the most common analytical balance have a maximum capacity ranging between 160 and 200g. With these balances, measurements can be made with a standard deviation of 60.1 mg.

A

Macrobalance

27
Q

Have a maximum loading of 10 to 30g with a precision of 60.01 mg.

A

Semi microanalytical balances

28
Q

It has a capacity of 1 to 3g and a precision of 60.001 mg.

A

Microanalytical balance

29
Q

It has a cylindrical bulb located midway the mouthpiece and the tip.

A

Volumetric or transfer pipette

30
Q

It is a system ensuring precision and accuracy in the laboratory by using quality control reagents in ever series of measurements

A

Quality control

31
Q

It is a system of techniques to ensure with a specified degree of confidence that the result obtained from each series of analysis is true and correct.

A

Quality control

32
Q

◦ Patient identification
◦ Specimen information, collection and handling

A

Pre-analytical phase

33
Q

◦ Personnel
◦ Established laboratory policies
◦ Complete laboratory procedural manual

A

Analytical

34
Q

◦ Value reporting, turnaround time
◦ Preventative maintenance of equipment and reagents
◦ Patient satisfaction

A

Post analytical

35
Q

It is the ability of a method to detect and measure even the smallest amount of the particular substance tested for it.

A

Sensitivity

36
Q

It is the ability of a method to measure only the component desired w/out interference of some substances present in the sample.

A

Specificity

37
Q

It is the ability of a method to determine the exact value of the substance of interest. It is the closeness of the value obtained with the true value.

A

Accuracy

38
Q

It is the ability of the method to give repeated results on the same sample that agree with one another.

A

Precision or Reproducibility

39
Q

It is the degree by w/c the method is easily repeated

A

Practicability

40
Q

The desired component that you want to determine.

A

Analyte

41
Q

It is the systematic procedure whereas it obtains, process, and communicate information about the composition of a matter or sample.

A

Analytical Chemistry

42
Q

In the typical quantitative analysis before measuring the sample we should make sure that sample is what?

A

Soluble

43
Q

The type of reagent that is made for a specific method or instrument only.

A

Special-purpose reagent

44
Q

The most common instrument that is used in measuring the mass of analytes.

A

Analytical balance

45
Q

What do we call the solid substances that could easily absorb moisture from the atmosphere?

A

Hygroscopic solids/substances

46
Q

Volumetric apparatus are calibrated based on their purpose, with that pipettes are calibrated base on what purpose?

A

To deliver

47
Q

This process is just focused on testing the accuracy and precision of the data before, during, and after the process.

A

Quality assessment/assurance

48
Q

This process is focused on determining the error and report a data with minimized error using statistical analysis.

A

Quality control

49
Q

The commonly used method in gravimetric analysis.

A

Precipitation

50
Q

It is commonly used for preparing Levey-Jennings charts. It is used to graph successive (run-to-run or day-to-day) quality control values.

A

Standard deviation

51
Q

Will group any series of measurement in the same sample in a cluster around the mean in a bell shaped curve.

A

Gaussian Curve

52
Q

Plotted w/ the accumulated differences from the mean of individual values with the middle being zero.

A

Cumulative Sum Graph

53
Q

A 2 mean chart drawn at right angle to one another with the one set of values on one axis another set of values on the other axis.

A

Youden Plot

54
Q

Comparison of individual patient results throughout the day or week with computer detection of changes from earlier individual patient results.

A

Delta check

55
Q

Range of analyte values that a method can directly measure on the specimen without any dilution, concentration, or other pretreatment.

A

AMR = Analytical Measurement Range

56
Q

Range of analyte values that a method can report as a quantitative result, allowing for specimen dilution, concentration, or other pretreatment used to expand the direct AMR.

A

CRR = Clinical Reportable Range

57
Q

It’s a way of expressing standard deviation in terms of average value of the observations used in the calculation.

A

Coefficient of Variation (CV)

58
Q

A statement pf variability and measure the significant differences between groups of dat.

A

Variance

59
Q

It represents a specimen with known value that is similar in composition.

A

Control

60
Q

It represents a substance that is measured to know the accuracy and precision of the machine or instruments.

A

Calibrator

61
Q

Solution of known characteristics and of known value. It is composed of one known constituent only and used as basis or reference for calculation of the value of the unknown.

A

Standard solution

62
Q

A solution composed of several known constituents w/c can be run simultaneously w/ the test to check the accuracy of the result.

A

Control solution

analytical chemistry (1 decks)

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