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DEV PSYCH > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

is the process by which sperm and ovum (sex cells) combine to create a single cell called zygote, which then duplicates itself again and again by cell division.

A

Fertilization

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2
Q

rupture of mature follicle in either ovary and expulsion of its ovum which occurs every month until menopause

A

Ovulation

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3
Q

Two separate eggs being fertilized by two different sperms; also known as fraternal twins

A

Dizygotic Twins

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4
Q

resulted from the cleaving of one fertilized egg and are generally genetically identical

A

Monozygotic Twins

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5
Q

genetic transmission of heritable characteristics from parents to offspring

A

Hereditary

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6
Q

long, spiraling ladder whose steps are made of pairs of chemical units called bases

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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7
Q

coils of DNA of smaller segments called genes

A

Chromosomes

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8
Q

mistake in copying genetic code which creates permanent alteration in genetic material

A

Mutation

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9
Q

produce alternative expressions of characteristics

A

Alleles

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10
Q

observable characteristics

A

Phenotype

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11
Q

underlying genetic makeup

A

Genotype

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12
Q

environment can influence when and which genes turn on and off

A

Epigenesis

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13
Q

extra copy of chromosome 21

A

Down Syndrome

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14
Q

extra x chromosome (xxy)

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

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15
Q

abnormality in X chromosome causes ID

A

Fragile x syndrome

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16
Q

missing x chromosomes for females

A

Turner Syndrome

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16
Q

extra y chromosome

A

XXY Syndrome

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17
Q

overproduction of mucus in the lungs and digestive tract

A

cystic fibrosis

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18
Q

does not produce enough insulin

A

diabetes

19
Q

delayed blood clotting

A

Hemophilia

20
Q

CNS deteriorates producing problem in muscles and mental decline

A

Huntington’s

21
Q

build up of Phenylalanine in the body

A

Phenylketonuri

22
Q

limits body oxygen supply

A

Sickle-cell anemia

23
Q

incompletely closed spinal canal

A

spina bifida

24
Q

accumulation of lipids in the ns

A

tay-sachs disease

25
Q

absence of brain tissue

A

anencephaly

26
Q

enlarged kidneys

A

polycystic kidney disease

27
Q

cirrhosis of the liver in early infancy

A

alpha antitrypsin deficiency

28
Q

severe anemia; nearly all die soon after birth

A

alpha thalassemia

29
Q

severe anemia; fatal in adolescence or young adulthood

A

beta thalassemia (cooley’s anemia)

30
Q

males with muscle weakness, minor mental retardation

A

duchenne muscular dystrophy

31
Q

high frequency sound waves are directed into the women’s abdomen

A

ultrasound sonography

32
Q

uses powerful magnet and radio images to generate detailed images of the body’s organs and structures

A

Fetal MRI

33
Q

small sample of placenta is removed

A

Chorionic Villus Sampling

34
Q

sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn and tested for chromosomal and metabolic disorders

A

amniocentesis

35
Q

identifies pregnancies that have an elevated risk for birth defects

A

maternal blood screening

36
Q

period between conception and birth

A

Gestation

37
Q

dated from the first day of an expectant mother’s last menstrual cycle

A

gestational age

38
Q

development proceeds from head to the lower extremities

A

cephalocaudal principle

39
Q

development proceeds from the center to outer parts of the body

A

proximodistal principle

40
Q

specialization of the cells to perform various tasks

A

differentiation

41
Q

fluid-filled sphere which floats freely in the uterus until 6th day after fertilization then it implants itself in the uterine wall

A

blastocyst

42
Q

outer layer of cells that later provides nutrition and support for the embryo

A

trophoblast

43
Q

outer layer (becomes outer layers of skin, nails, hair, teeth, sensory organs, and the nervous system)

A

ectoderm

44
Q

inner layer (becomes digestive system)

A

endoderm

45
Q
A

DEV PSYCH (1 decks)

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