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GEC E1 > PRE- Lim > Flashcards

PRE- Lim Flashcards

1
Q

 In early 1940’s wherein a Franciscan Sister Mary Berenice Beck has great nurses during this era.
 Historically, nursing was viewed in large part as a vocation of service to the sick or poor.

A

Historical perspective

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2
Q

has great nurses during this era.

A

Franciscan sister mary berenice beck

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3
Q

A nurse is missioned to be driven by

A

Altruism
Empathy

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4
Q

feeling to show desire to help.

A

Altruism

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5
Q

a feeling that you understand and share another person’s experiences, emotions and feelings.

A

Empathy

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6
Q
  1. The nurse did not expect much wordy rewards of her efforts.
  2. Envisioned her caregiving as commissioned and supported by God.
A

In early and middle 20th century

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7
Q

 an earnest purpose to serve humanity, not only by giving curative care to the body o the sick but serving the needs of the mind and spirit.

A

Nursing as calling

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8
Q

 The condition that kept the spiritual ministry because in early and mid 20th century nursing education in nursing schools affiliated started specially with religious denominations.
 Most hospitals sponsored nursing education (3 year diploma program), many of which were religiously affiliated.
 Capping and graduation were often conducted to places of worship with the blessings of a cleric as part of the ceremony.

A

Matthew 25:35-40

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9
Q

 still with strong spiritual milieu focuses on the professional character of nursing.

A

In latet half of 20th century

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10
Q

 nursing becomes baccalaureate with masters and doctoral degree:

A

During 1970-1980

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11
Q

Nursing becomes baccalaureate with masters and doctoral degree

A

 “The need for holistic health care”
 “Balance between art and science”
 “interconnection of body, mind and spin”
 “with equal focus”
 “Analytic and intuitive (knowledge through intuition, no proof)”

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12
Q

the existence of virtue of an ethical-moral ideal and commitments to provide care.

A

The jean watson theory

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13
Q

Words related to spirituality

A

o Elements of love
o Compassion
o Caring
o Transcendence
o Relationship with God
o Connection of body, mind and spirit

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14
Q

is an individual’s attitude and beliefs related to transcendence (God) or to the non material forces of life and of nature.

A

spirituality as a personal concept

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15
Q

is a person’s belief and behaviors associated with a specific religious tradition or denomination,

A

religious practice or religiosity

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16
Q

related to holistic nursing is described by Dossey (1989) as:
o Broad concept that encompasses values, meaning and purpose.
o One turns inward to the human traits of honesty, love, caring, wisdom, imagination and compassion.
o Existence of a quality of a higher authority, guiding spirit or transcendence that is mystical.
o A flowing dynamic balance that allows and creates healing of body-mind-spirit and may or may not involved organized religion.

A

spirituality

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17
Q

related to holistic nursing is described by Dossey (1989) as:
o Broad concept that encompasses values, meaning and purpose.
o One turns inward to the human traits of honesty, love, caring, wisdom, imagination and compassion.
o Existence of a quality of a higher authority, guiding spirit or transcendence that is mystical.
o A flowing dynamic balance that allows and creates healing of body-mind-spirit and may or may not involved organized religion.

A

spirituality

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18
Q

 Spirituality as an expression of the developmental capacity for self- transcendence.

A

Pamela Reed (1992)

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19
Q

 Spirituality as a relationship with the supreme being that directs one’s belief and practices.

A

Madeliene Leininger

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20
Q

 Spirituality as human need and describe as a dimension of a person that is concerned with ultimate end and values.

A

O’brien

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21
Q

Three Characteristics of Spirituality:

A

Unfolding mystery
Harmonious interconnectedness
Inner strength

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22
Q

related to one’s attempt to understand the meaning and purpose of life

A

Unfolding mystery

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23
Q

an individual’s relationship to other persons and/or to God.

A

Harmonious interconnectedness

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24
Q

relates to ones personal spiritual resources and sense of the sacred.

A

Inner strength

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25
Q

 is a science, an art and the spirit of unselfish devotion to a cause primarily concerned with helping those who are physically, mentally and spiritually ill.

A

Nursing

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26
Q

 is an altruistic vocation.

A

Nursing

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27
Q

 as a service to the individual which helps him to regain or to keep a normal state of body and mind when it cannot accomplish this it helps him to gain relief from physical pain, mental anxiety or spiritual discomfort.

A

Nursing

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28
Q

 is a sacred ministry of health care or health promotion provided to persons both sick and well, who require caregiving, support or education to assist them in achieving, regaining or maintaining a state of wholeness, including body, mind and spirit.

A

Nursing

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29
Q

one tends to focus on his or her ability to relieve suffering.

A

Nurse as healer

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30
Q

 The nurse stands as God’s surrogate and as a vehicle for His words and His touch of compassionate care

A

Nurse as healer

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31
Q

2 A Nursing Theology of Caring

A

Theology
Caring

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32
Q

 comes form the Greek words “theos” meaning God and logos or science.

A

Theology

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33
Q

 is an ordered body of knowledge about God. Faith seeking understanding.

A

Theology

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34
Q

 is an active attitude which genuinely conveys to the other person that he or she does really matter.

A

Caring

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35
Q

 Direct nurturant and skillful activities, processes and decisions related to assisting people in such a manner than reflects behavior attributes which are empathetic, supportive, compassionate, protective, succorant educational and otherwise dependent upon the needs, problems, values and goals of the individual or group being assisted.

A

Caring

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36
Q

 The central focus or dimension of nursing practice.

A

Caring

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37
Q

3 dimension of caring

A
  1. Being with patients in their experiences of pain, suffering and other problems or needs.
  2. Listening to patients verbally express anxieties or emotions which hinder the achievements of wellness.
  3. Touching patients either physically, emotionally or spiritually to assure them of their connectedness with others in the family of God
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38
Q

in ancient civilization provided the foundations on which many of the healthcare practices of Christian nurses rested.

A

Medicine and nursing

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39
Q

District types of nurses during the pre christian culture

A
  1. Skilled workers who nursed for hire.
  2. Nurses whose positions were those of slaves in wealthy households.
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40
Q

4 Contributions of Early Cultures in Nursing

A
  1. Babylonia
  2. Early Buddhist in china
  3. Hindu in india
  4. Ireland
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41
Q

suggested that nursing care was provided for patients between physicians visit.

A

Code of Hammurabi

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42
Q

 discovers the curative value of many plants led to nursing therapeutics employing herbology.

A

Early Buddhist in China

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43
Q

 Role for male nurses.

A

Hindu in india

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44
Q

 Ancient druidic priest and priestesses advised on care and healing of illness.

A

Ireland

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45
Q

priest in ancient British religion.

A

Druidic

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46
Q

women who leads religious activities in some religion.

A

Priestesses

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47
Q

4 Key Societies whose Spiritual and Cultural Contributions are Most Frequently cited that Supports the Art and Science of Modern Medicine and Nursing:

A
  1. Egypt
  2. Greece
  3. Rome
  4. Israel
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48
Q

 Has a strong elements of religious magic.

A

Egypt

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49
Q

 Practice of embalming was taught

A

Egypt

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50
Q

 First physician in Egypt;

A

Imhotep

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51
Q

first medical textbook.

A

Ebers paryrus

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52
Q

 Concerned about public health problems like famine and malnutrition

A

Egypt

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53
Q

Preventive measures to solve problem

A
  1. Offering prayers and sacrifices to religious deities.
  2. Strong grains for future needs.
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54
Q

 A number of practical therapeutic remedies for care of the sick were developed (instinctive nursing care)

A

Egypt

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55
Q

roman era was largely the responsibility of members of the patient own family or that of slaves employed to provide specific skill.

A

Nursing in the greco

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56
Q

 The spiritual rationale for providing nursing care was duty to and love for a relative.

A

Greece

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57
Q

Some of Hippocrates teaching

A
  1. Fluid diet only should be given in fever.
  2. Cold sponging for high temperature.
  3. Hot gargles- for acute tonsillitis.
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58
Q

who instructed the caregivers to use their eyes and ears and to reason from facts rather than from gratuitous assumption. He also emphasize them to be solicitous to their patient spiritual well-being and to do no harm.

A

Hippocrates

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59
Q

Greek Religious Mythology:

A

Aesculapius
Hygeia
Panacea

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60
Q

God of healing

A

Aesculapius

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61
Q

one of his five children (the Goddess of Health)

A

Hygeia

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62
Q

cure all (the Restorer of Health)

A

Panacea

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63
Q

 Did not offer great advances physicians in nursing practice but depend greatly on the knowledge of the Greek.

A

Rome

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64
Q

 Care of the sick was guided primarily by the use of natural or folk remedies.

A

Rome

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65
Q

 Roman youth begun to study medicine in Athens Greece.

A

Rome

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66
Q

 Prayers to a God or the several Gods was a critical adjuvant therapy in nursing a sick Roman.

A

Rome

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67
Q

 Hebrews nursing care for the ill and infirm was provided in their mosaics law.

A

Israel

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68
Q

Rules of public Health in Israel

A
  1. Rules of diet and cleanliness
  2. Hours of work and sleep
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69
Q

the foundations of public health nursing which is naturally regarded by visiting the sick as its religious duty.

A

Israel

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70
Q

 has a specific nursing rules for those with contagious diseases, care of children and elderly

A

Israel

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71
Q

 has a religious tradition in nursing the sick with a concept of which resulted in a system of houses for strangers hospitality and charity for anyone in need

A

Israel

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72
Q

each citizen tithing a 10th of his or her possessions toward charitable work.

A

Charity

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73
Q

 The Old Testament scriptures contain reference to the nurses as:

A

Servant
Companion
Helpmate

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74
Q

 Nursing the sick or injured in the early Christian was accorded a place of honor and respect which is based on Jesus message: TO LOVE ONE’S NEIGHBOR

A

Early Christian nurses

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75
Q

Jesus message

A

To love one’s neighbor

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76
Q

 Jesus interacted with the sick not by saying the word but by

A

Touching
Anointing
Taking the hands

77
Q

to put oil

A

Anointing

78
Q

 nurse was an organized service to society had its inception and development.
 organized group of women nurses existed.

A

Early Christian nurses

79
Q

4 Group of Workers whose Main Functions was to Care for the Sick and the Needy:

A
  1. Veronica of Jerusalem
  2. Deacons and deaconesses
  3. Roman matrons
  4. Early monastic nurses
80
Q

 Comforter of the Afflicted
 A woman who is present during Christ’s painful journey to Calvary and who cleansed His bleeding face with her vail.

A

Veronica of Jerusalem

81
Q

asserted that nursing practice was fostered by the example of early caregivers like Veronica.

A

Josephine Veronica

82
Q

 followers of Jesus for whom care of the sick and infirm was an identified task.

A

Deacons and deaconesses

83
Q

is derived from the Greek verb diakomen meaning to serve.

A

Deacon

84
Q

meaning to serve.

A

Diakomen

85
Q

 These men and women are not only obliged by their positions to visit and nurse the brought them into their own homes to be cared for. Sick but brought them into their own homes to be cared for.

A

Deacons and deaconesses

86
Q

is a setting precursors to the modern hospitals. This is associated with diaconate- the work of nursing.

A

Diakonias

87
Q

the work of nursing.

A

Diaconate

88
Q

 In the very early days of the church, diakonias is called

A

Christ room

89
Q

suggesting a direct associations with Jesus teaching.

A

Christ room or diakonias

90
Q

is a deaconess known as a woman of great dignity and social status who spent many hours nursing the poor in their homes.

A

Phoebe

91
Q

 Served the early church around 3th and 4th centuries
 Uses their power and wealth to support the charitable work of nursing the sick.

A

Roman matrons

92
Q

THREE Most Famous Roman Matrons:

A

Saint Helena
Saint Paula
Saint Marcella

93
Q

 Or Flavia Helena
 Was empress of Rome and mother of Constantine the Great.
 devoted her life to care of the sick person

A

Saint Helena

94
Q

 Started the first gerokomion- the home for the aged infirm in the Roman Empire.

A

Saint Helena

95
Q

the home for the aged infirm in the Roman Empire.

A

Gerokomion

96
Q

 A learned woman of her time
 founded the finest hospice for pilgrims in Bethlehem.

A

Saint Paula

97
Q

 She also built hospices for the sick along the roads to the city
 she managed the institutions and personally nursed the and the sick for almost 20 years.

A

Saint Paula

98
Q

 the leader of the Roman matrons.
 A scholar and a deeply spiritual woman.

A

Saint Marcella

99
Q

 Founded a community of religious women whose primary concern was care of the sick poor.

A

Saint Marcella

100
Q

 Stay in convent

A

Early monastic nurses

101
Q

 it was during this time that the work of nursing began to become institutionalized

A

Early monastic nurses

102
Q

 the monasticism was born out of a desire of many Christian men and women to lead lives of sanctity and guided by the vows of poverty

A

early monastic nurses

103
Q

a state of not having sex with anyone.

A

Chastity

104
Q

the vows of poverty

A

Chastity and obedience

105
Q

3 Most Famous Abbesses (a woman who is a head of a convent):

A
  1. Saint Radegunde of Poitiers
  2. Saint Hilda
  3. Saint Brigid
106
Q

 the daughter of Thurigian King who took poor patients into her own palace to nurse them.

A

Saint Radegunde of Poitiers

107
Q

 founder of the Holy Cross Monastery with 200 nuns.

A

Saint Radegunde of Poitiers

108
Q

 A leper
 A cultured and scholarly woman directed her monastic community in the care of the sick

A

Saint Hilda

109
Q

 Supported a group of associated members of the monastery called oblates who supported a group of assisted in the nursing care

A

Saint Hilda

110
Q

a laymen living in a monastery under a modified rule and without vows

A

Oblates

111
Q

 Become the most famous abbesses in Poland
 the daughter of an Ulster Chieftain.

A

Saint Brigid

112
Q

a long loose overcoat of Irish origin made of heavy materials.

A

Ulster

113
Q

 founded the great monastery compassion of Kildare, who received the if with chanty and compassion.

A

Saint Brigid

114
Q

 known as the Patroness of Healing.

A

Saint Brigid

115
Q

 Mental Illness stigmatized the population during the middle ages.

A

Mental illness in the middle ages

116
Q

 an Irish saint during the seventh century.

A

Dymphna of Belgium

117
Q

 A patroness of the mentally ill.

A

Dymphna of Belgium

118
Q

 Devoted her life to care of the sick poor in the manner of the early monastic nurses.

A

Dymphna of Belgium

119
Q

(2) Most Famous Medieval Christian Hospital

A

Hotel- dieu of Lyon
Hotel- dieu of Paris

120
Q

 is commonly chosen as name of French hospital of the era.
 serves as almshouse and orphanages and facilitats to care for the sick

A

Hotel- dieu or House of God

121
Q

 added the group of men called “brothers” who also assisted women in the care of the sick.

A

Hotel- dieu of Lyon

122
Q

 The first hospital to separate those with contagious illnesses from those with ordinary illness.

A

Hotel- dieu of Lyon

123
Q

 begun as a hostel providing care for small number of the sick poor.

A

Hotel- dieu of Paris

124
Q

 orders of men of the Holy land who where committed by their religious ministry to care of those wounded in battle.

A

Military nursing order

125
Q

The Three Major Groups or Orders who are Committed to Care the Wounded Soldiers in the Battle/War:

A
  1. Knight hospitallers of saint john of Jerusalem
  2. Teutonic Knight
  3. Knight of saint lazarus
126
Q

 the largest of the order.
 Created around 1050 A. D. to staff the two Jerusalem hospitals:

A

Knight hospitallers of saint john of Jerusalem

127
Q
  1. For men dedicated to
A

Saint john

128
Q
  1. For women dedicated to
A

Saint Magdalene

129
Q

 This order was originated under the guidance of Peter Gerard= a deeply religious man, the order for women was created to nurse the sick under Agnes of Rome

A

Knight hospitallers of Saint john of Jerusalem

130
Q

a deeply religious man, the order for women was created to nurse the sick under Agnes of Rome

A

Peter Gerard

131
Q

 The order was characterized by a specific dress:

A

A black robe with white linen cross

132
Q

 a German order which was founded in 1191 A.D. at the time of the Third Crusade.

A

Teutonic Knight

133
Q

 was originated to care for the lepers in Jerusalem.
 They also admitted lepers in their orders.

A

Knight of saint Lazarus

134
Q

The Three General Classes of Members in the Military Orders were:

A
  1. Knight
  2. priest
  3. Serving brother
135
Q

 participated in the Crusades and helped to care for the injured.

A

Knight

136
Q

 served the religious needs in camps and hospitals.

A

priest

137
Q

 were responsible for general care of the sick.

A

Serving brother

138
Q

All members professed their religious commitment of their lives as exemplified in the Rule of the Orders of St. John of Jerusalem, which is written by its first grand master-

A

Raymond du Puy

139
Q

The Orders focuses on 3 Promises they have made to God:

A

Poverty
Chastity
obedience

140
Q

Two Categories of Knights

A

Warriors
hospitallers

141
Q

 who has a special commitment to care for those with leprosy.

A

hospitallers

142
Q

 During the period of Crusades military nursing orders cared for the wounded in war, medieval monastic continue to provide nursing care on civilians.

A

Medieval monastic nursing

143
Q

 One of the most respected healers of medieval monasticism

A

Hildegard of bingen

144
Q

 she also described as the Sybil of Rhine

A

Hildegard of Bingen

145
Q

founded two new monasteries for women;

A

Rupertsberg
Ebingen

146
Q

its daughter house

A

Ebingen

147
Q

her first book of vision

A

Scivias or know the ways

148
Q

Two Medical Books:

A

Physica
Liber composite medicine

149
Q

Anatomy and Physiology

A

Physica

150
Q

explained the symptoms and cure of illness and disease

A

Liber composite medicine

151
Q

 According to Hildegard diseases and cures were all associated with the 4 qualities:

A

o heat, dryness, moisture and cold
o Fire, air, water and earth

152
Q

Other Outstanding Monastic Nurses of the Middle Ages:

A

Clare of assisi and Francis of assisi
Elizabeth of Hungary
Catherine of sienna
The alexian brothers

153
Q

 the founder of mendicant (beggar) monasticism.
 the patron of those who tend the sick.

A

Francis of assisi

154
Q

 Daughter of the wealthy Italian family who gave up all to follow Jesus in the way to her beloved Francis

A

Clare of assisi

155
Q

 A distinguished Franciscan tertiaries a member of the monastic third orders.
 A princess of Thuringia who entered the third order of St. Francis after her husband’s death in the Crusades.

A

Elizabeth of Hungary

156
Q

 the Patroness of Nursing

A

Catherine of sienna

157
Q

o Fever caused by a bacterium

A

Blacl plaque

158
Q

 dedicated lay men caring for the sick poor in a variety of venue.

A

The alexian brother

159
Q

 They bears the powerful message of Saint Paul which reflects the motivation for their religious ministry

A

Caritas christi urget nos

160
Q

cause us to feel a strong needs or desires to do something.

A

Impels

161
Q

The catholic and protestant nursing orders

A
  1. The nursing order of minister of the sick
  2. Daughters of charity of saint Vincent de Paul
  3. Sister of charity
  4. Sister of mercy
162
Q

 Also called C-millans = who cared for the sick in hospitals as Catherine of Siena
 especially remembered and revered for his founding of a religious community of men.

A

Camillus de lellis

163
Q

cared for plaque victims in Italy especially in hospital nursing at the renowned Santo Spirito Hospital in Italy

A

Camillus de lellis

164
Q

to him there is no music sweeter than the voices of the sick clamoring to be assisted, no perfume more delicious than the odor of drugs and ointment that bring relief to the sick

A

Camillus de lellis

165
Q

 one of the largest and best known of the early religious communities of women and was established as a religious community dedicated to serving the poorest of the poor.

A

Daughters of charity of saint Vincent de Paul

166
Q

 founded in Paris, France in 1633 by St. Vincent de Paul.
 in 1617 Vincent began to gather a band of Laily named Confraternity of Charity who visited and care for the sick and poor

A

Daughters of Charity of saint Vincent de Paul

167
Q

 the first leader of the Dames de Charite

A

Louise de Marillac

168
Q

soldier, whose leg was seriously injured in a battle and seeks

A

Camillus de lellis

169
Q

who visited and care for the sick and poor

A

Confraternity of charity

170
Q

women of the world prepared to nurse on the battlefield’s in time of war or to be sent to care for the sick in any disaster.

A

Pious

171
Q

American Sisters who also follow the vision of Vincent de Paul of French.

A

Sister of charity

172
Q

commit her life to the service of others by teaching children and caring for the sick

A

Elizabeth bagley seton

173
Q

was founded in 1831 in Dublin, Ireland by Mother Catherine Mc Auley

A

Sister of mercy

174
Q

wealthy from the inheritance at the age of 40 erected a building of classroom, dormitories, clinics and chapel labeling it the House of Mercy.

A

Mother Catherine mc Auley

175
Q

protestant community of women founded by a young Lutheran minister = Theodor Filedner around 1836 in Kaiserswerth, Fliedner Germany

A

Kaiserswerth deaconess

176
Q

represents the negative image of nurses in the early 1800’s

A

Sairy Gamp

177
Q

Education of the Kaiserswerth Deaconesses

A
  1. training lasted 3 years
  2. simple uniform
  3. taught on domestic duties associated with caring for the sick
178
Q

4 Key Branches of Deaconesses Works were:

A
  1. Nursing
  2. Relief of the poor
  3. Care of children
  4. Work among unfortunate women
179
Q

 this is the first Protestant church hospital in the US. Pittsburg Infirmary was founded by William Passavant

A

(Passavant Hospital)

180
Q

3 Lutheran Deaconess Communities that provide Diaconal Education in the U.S.

A
  1. Evangelical Lutheran Deaconess Association community motherhouse at Gladuyne, Pennsylvania
  2. Center for Diaconal Ministry of the Lutheran Deaconess Association at Valpariso University, Valpariso, Indiana
  3. Deaconess Program at Concordia University, River Forest, Illinois.
181
Q

the first Christian community of nurses sent by the English government in 1854 to care for the wounded soldiers during the Crimean War.

A

Nightingale Pledge

182
Q

She was the first to bring spirituality and science together to improve the care of the sick.

A

Florence Nightingale

183
Q

 one of our greatest heroines during the first world war.

A

Edith Cavell

184
Q

 founder of the Frontier Nursing Service in Hayden, Kentucky in 1828 to care for mothers and bables

A

Mary Brekinridge

185
Q

 one of the more contemporary Roman Catholic community of religious women who engage in nursing the sick poor, distinguish by their habit;

A

a blue and white Indian sari reflecting the country of their founder

186
Q

a long piece of cloth that this wrapped around the body and head

A

• sari

187
Q

foundress of the Missionaries of Charity in 1960

A

 Mother Teresa of Calcutta

188
Q

 have 4 vows:

A
  1. poverty
  2. chastity
  3. obedience
  4. to offer wholehearted and free services to the poorest of the poor
189
Q

well-known quotation from Mother Teresa:

A

We can do no great things; only small things with love.

GEC E1 (1 decks)

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