Chapter 1

Question 1

What is Fire Dynamics

Answer 1

The study of how fire starts, spreads, and develops.

Question 2

Fire Dynamics has the..

Answer 2

Scientific measurements and calculations needed to explain fire behavior

Question 3

Fire behavior is

Answer 3

Exactly what it sounds like: it is the way that fire reacts and behaves to its environment

Question 4

In todays structures, fire ___ ___ at a faster rate, causing fires to reach ___ ___ sooner

Answer 4

Temperatures increase
Flashover temperatures

Question 5

Increasingly common in fires, flashover occurs…

Answer 5

Before the fire department has aririved

Question 6

One of the keys in todays fires..

Answer 6

Is the HRR rather than the temperature

Question 7

A single candle vs 10 candles..

Answer 7

The have the same flame temps but 10x the HHR

Question 8

A single candle has a HRR of..

Answer 8

80 watts

Question 9

10 candles have a HRR of..

Answer 9

800 watts

Question 10

Heat transfer, the mechanism of heat movement, is critical to understand because..

Answer 10

Heat is always transferred from the hotter object to the colder object

Question 11

What are the different types of heat transfer?

Answer 11

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

Question 12

Conduction is..

Answer 12

Heat transferred to the fires immediate surrounding area

Question 13

Convection is..

Answer 13

Is heat transferred by means of moving gases or liquids

Question 14

Radiation is..

Answer 14

Is heat transferred by electromagnetic waves; the closer you get, the hotter it feels

Question 15

Heat can be transferred by all 3 mechanisms to the..

Answer 15

Ceiling, walls, and floors of the fire compartment

Question 16

Fires create pressure, and pressure moves from..

Answer 16

High to low

Question 17

The high pressure is the ___ ___ and is being created by the fire

Answer 17

Fire room

Question 18

The low pressure is any ___ that is created a ___ ___ from the fire

Answer 18

Opening
Distance away

Question 19

When the pressure gradient is created we have the making of a..

Answer 19

Flow path

Question 20

If we stop or control the air from being drawn into the fire, we ___ the ___ and ___ the combustion process

Answer 20

Reduce
Temperatures
Slow

Question 21

In slowing the combustion process, fire ___ in size along with the amount of ___ ___ being produced

Answer 21

Reduces
Combustible gases

Question 22

The flammable range of combustible gases can be compared to the action of…

Answer 22

Combustion within an automobile engine

Question 23

UEL is the

Answer 23

Rich

Question 24

LEL is the

Answer 24

Lean

Question 25

Fire cannot burn if its above the ___ or below the ___ because the mixture would either be too rich or too lean

Answer 25

UEL
LEL

Question 26

Legacy fire development is related to…

Answer 26

Fuel limited fires

Question 27

The legacy fire isn’t limited by a lack of..

Answer 27

Oxygen

Question 28

Once all the fuel is burning, the fire is at its ___ ___ stage

Answer 28

Fully developed

Question 29

As the fuel burns down, the legacy fire begins to ___, but it still has enough air to mix with ___ and complete its combustion

Answer 29

Decay
Gases

Question 30

Modern fire development commonly relates to..

Answer 30

Ventilation limited fires

Question 31

As the fire starts to run out of air it starts to ___ and temperatures ___

Answer 31

Decay
Decrease

Question 32

___ is a dangerous transition between the growth stage and fully developed stage.

Answer 32

Flashover

Question 33

Flashover is ___ and will cause serious injury or even kill FF’s if the precursors go unrecognized on the fireground

Answer 33

Predictable

Question 34

Depending on the compartment size and the amount of pressure that builds prior to flashover, there could be a ___ ___ seen with the flashover.

Answer 34

Pressure wave

Question 35

The dated definition of backdraft from basic ff textbook describe backdraft as and event that occurred at temperatures greater than___ and characterized by smoke stained windows, yellow grey smoke

Answer 35

1600*F

Question 36

When ___ fires become ventilation limited, the temperatures decrease significantly

Answer 36

Modern

Question 37

(Updated) a deflagration resulting from sudden introduction of air into a confined space containing oxygen deficient products of incomplete combustion

Answer 37

Backdraft
NFPA 921 (2011 version)

Question 38

The backdrafts that most commonly occur in ___ spaces, ___ walls, or any other ___ space found on many documented fires are the cause of many ff injuries across the country

Answer 38

Attic
Knee
Void

Question 39

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Answer 39

Newtons 3rd law of motion

Question 40

It is common to see a time delay from the initial ___ created by FF’s until ___ occurs

Answer 40

Opening
Flashover

Question 41

If a small opening is made water should be applied to the ___ and into the ___ as quickly as possible

Answer 41

Smoke
Compartment

Question 42

The ___ ___ is the space through which fire, heat, and smoke progress, moving from the ___-pressure fire area toward the ___ pressure oxygen sources

Answer 42

Flow path
High
Low

Question 43

Controlling the ___ openings is critical

Answer 43

Ventilation

Question 44

Recognizing ___ ___ as it changes and reacts to our tactics is possibly one of the most ___ skills for ff’s

Answer 44

Fire behavior
Underutilized

Question 45

The time between tactical ventilation and flashover could be as little as ___ minutes, compared to ___ minutes in a traditional fire

Answer 45

2
8

Question 46

Based on the buildings configuration, there may be several ___ ___ within a structure

Answer 46

Flow Paths

Question 47

Anyone in the ___ ___-between the fire and its direction of travel-is in danger

Answer 47

Exhaust path

Question 48

Who said “its not the first fire that kills FF’s, its the second”?

Answer 48

Dan Madrzykowski
UL research engineer

Question 49

It’s important to understand that the ___ and ___ ___ are what cause fire spread

Answer 49

Smoke
Fire gases

Question 50

The ___ is what we should be keeping our eyes on

Answer 50

Smoke