Chapter 1 Flashcards
It is a systematic body of knowledge, an idea, and intellectual activity and as a personal and social activity
Science
How do you acquire knowledge?
Systematic Way
Science is a systematic body of knowledge based on what?
Facts
According to Greek Philosophers, science is…
“Philosophy of the natural world”
What does science do?
Bridges the gap between superstitions and reality
Greek word meaning “art or craft”
Tekhne
Meaning of “logia”
“subject or interest”
Comes from the Greek word “tekhne” meaning the “art or craft” and “logia”, meaning a “subject or interest”
Technology
This word became popular in the 20th century during the 2nd industrial revolution
Technology
A German social scientist changed the concept of “technic” to “technology”
Thorstein Veblen
An American sociologist who expounded the meaning of technology which includes tools, machines, utensils, weapons, instruments, communication and transportation devices including the skills produce, and the use of by these art of craft
Read Bain
Defines technology as the use of science in industry, engineering, machines, piece of equipment, methods, etc., to invent useful things to solve problems
Webster Dictionary
Defines technology as a practice the way things are done
Ursula Franklin
Defines technology as pursuit of life or the means other than life, and an organized tools from inorganic matter
Bernard Stiegler
- A group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and having the same dominant cultural expectations
- Characterized by patterns of relationship between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institution
- Expected pattern of behavior
- Group of people having shared expectations and practices
- A large society that exhibits stratification or dominant patterns in the subgroups
Society
- Plays a crucial role in everyday life and transform the society of what it has become now
- Make difficult tasks easier and allow people to do more with little effort and time
- Driving forces behind globalization, and technological progress and advancement to improve the quality of life among the people
Science and Technology
How societies were classified?
- Science and technology available in the particular country
- Emphasizes scientific endeavors
- Bridges superstitions and reality
Ancient civilization started from what?
hunting and gathering societies that relied primarily or exclusively on:
- hunting animals
- fishing
- gathering wild fruits, berries, nuts, and vegetables to support human life
Hunting and gathering societies was a subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning sometime 1.8 million years ago by whom?
Homo-sapiens
When did they start domesticating plants and animals?
10 thousand years ago
Discoveries made during Ancient Times
- hunting and gathering societies
- agricultural societies
- specialization of work (creation of specialized tools)
Ancient Mesopotamia
Sumeria
- A system that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and left to dry
- It allowed the Sumerian to keep records of the things with great historical value
Cuneiform
Called the mountain of God
The Great Ziggurat of Ur
City of Uruk is also builts using only mud or clay mixed with reeds, producing sun-baked bricks
Sumerian created _____ to bring water to farmlands and at the same time control the flooding of the rivers
Dikes and irrigation canals
_________ is to carry large quantities of products transported to the nearest places and sometime later invented ________ as a means of transportation and trading to foster culture, information, and technology
- Sumerian Civilization
Boats, Sailboats
Discoveries of Sumerian Civilization
- “cuneiform”
- “The Great Ziggurat of Ur”
- City of Uruk
- dikes and irrigation canals
- boats and sailboats
It is famous for its legacy especially in infrastructures and engineering today
Egyptian Civilization
Were built by pharaohs of the ancient times
Pyramids
A plant abundantly available along the Nile River in Egypt
Papyrus
Was invented by combining soot with chemicals, eventually different colors were produced
Ink
Egyptians developed a system of writing using symbols known as ________; believed to be provided to them by the gods
Hieroglyphics
The language that tells the present world of the history and culture of the ancient Egyptian civilization
Hieroglyphics
A device that utilizes gravity from one jar to another jar, and was used as timekeeping device during the ancient times
Water Clock
Discoveries of Egyptian Civilization
- infrastructures and engineering technology
- pyramids
- papyrus
- ink
“hieroglyphics” - cosmetics
- wigs
- water clock
Discoveries of Greeks
- western philosophy and mathematics
- science and technology
- alarm clock
- water mill
Birthplace of western philosophy and mathematics
Greece
It tells the person when to start and when to stop with a whistling noise
Alarm Clock
Commonly used until this time in agricultural process like milling, and is considered better than mills powered by farm animals
Water Mill
What are the Greek discoveries
- western philosophy and mathematics
- contributed in fields of science and technology
- coliseums and the Olympics
- alarm clock
- water mill
Model in terms of legislation and codified laws
Roman Empire
Contributions of Roman Civilization
- legislations and codified laws
- politics and governance
- newspapers, bound books, codes, Roman architecture and Roman Numerals
- ROMAN ARCHITECTURE: cathedral and basilica churches, aqueducts, amphitheatres, and Roman residential buildings
No longer widely used but still popular among Hindu-Arabic system due to its aesthetic and historical value
Roman Numeral System
Considered universally as the oldest living civilization of the World
Chinese Civilization
One of the things that connected China to the rest of the World
Silk
Were the first one who developed the technology to harvest the silk and process it to produce paper and clothing - bridging the gap between the western world and China - the middle kingdom
Chinese
Believed discovered and developed by an unknown Chinese inventor who created a machine that was able shred ____ leaves into strips
Tea
- Only man made structure that can be seen from the outer space
- believed the greatest and most extensive infrastructure built in China to keep invaders and protect the borders of China
- displayed the extent of the Chinese engineering technology
- huge and resilient that separated China from the rest of the world
- crowning glory of Chinese civilization
- one of the wonders of the world and remains the most visited tourist destination and attraction due to its historical significance and architectural splendor
Great Wall of China
- one of the deadliest and fascinating inventions in China
- widely used to propel bullets from guns and cannons which caused countless deaths
- today, widely used in fireworks especially during the significant occasions, and celebrations
Gunpowder
Discoveries of Chinese Civilization
- Silk trade
- Tea production
- Great Wall of China
- Gunpowder
middle or medieval period (5ht-15th century) which is between the fall of Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance is sometimes referred to as ______
Dark Ages
