Chapter 1

Question 1

The body contains 2 major cavities

Answer 1

Dorsal and Ventral cavities

Question 2

Dorsal Body Cavity

Answer 2

Protects fragile nervous system. 2 subdivisions (cranial cavity) encases the brain and (vertebral cavity) encases spinal cord.

Question 3

Ventral body cavity

Answer 3

Houses the internal organs (collectively called viscera). Has 2 subdivisions, which are separated by the diaphragm (therocic cavity) and (abdominopelvic cavity).

Question 4

Therocic cavity

Answer 4

Contains 2 pleral cavities, each cavity surrounds one lung. (Mediastinum) Contains pericardial cavity which contains the heart and surrounds thoracic organs such as esophagus and trachea.

Question 5

Abdominalpelvic cavity

Answer 5

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen and liver.

Question 6

Pelvic cavity

Answer 6

Contains primarily urinary bladder, reproductive organs and rectum.

Question 7

Membrane in ventral body cavity

Answer 7

Serosa also called serous membrane is a thin, double layered membranes that cover surfaces in ventral body cavity.

Question 8

Parietal serosa

Answer 8

Lines internal cavity walls.

Question 9

Visceral serosa

Answer 9

Covers internal organs. Double layers are separated by slit-like cavity filled with serous fluid. Fluid serveted by both layers of membrane.

Question 10

When considering nutrients as a survival need, what is true?

Answer 10

Carbohydrates are the major energy fuel for the body cells and are found primarily in plant-derived foods.

Question 11

What does not represent a negative feedback mechanism?

Answer 11

Increasing the muscle in the heart to cope with high blood pressure. (This response then is positive feed back because the effector enhances the initial stimulus).

Question 12

What is not an example of the body’s use of Homeostatic to regulate the internal environment?

Answer 12

Being covered with a blanket.

Question 13

A result of Homeostatic imbalance could be?

Answer 13

Disease. (Homeostasis is so important that most Disease can be regarded as a result of its disturbance, a condition called Homeostatic Imbalance).

Question 14

In Feedback, what statement is true?

Answer 14

Positive and negative feedback mechanisms are named for the direction of the response relatively to the initial stimulus.

Question 15

If the human body temperature drops below 37°c (98.6F), the body’s…

Answer 15

Metabolic reaction becomes slower.

Question 16

The human body as a whole is enclosed and protected by the Integumentary system. This is an example of a necessary life function. What is the correct function?

Answer 16

Maintaining boundaries.

Question 17

Metabolism is a broad term that includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells. It includes breaking down substances into simpler building blocks (the process of catabolism), synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances (anabolism) and using nutrients and oxygen to produce. Given what you know about Metabolism, what is a false statement?

Answer 17

Metabolism is regulated largely by the nervous system. (Metabolism is regulated largely by hormones secreted by endocrine system glands).

Question 18

In feedback, what statement is true?

Answer 18

Most medical situations can be viewed from the point of view of a failure of homeostasis. Disease can be regarded as a disturbance of homeostasis.

Question 19

What event is an example of a positive feedback?

Answer 19

Blood clotting when the lining of a blood vessel is injured.

Question 20

What is correct regarding a feedback cycle?

Answer 20

Receptor perceives a stimulus by sending input along the afferent pathway.

Question 21

As blood sugar rises, receptors in the body sense this change, and the pancreas (control center) secretes insulin into the blood. This change in turn prompts body cells to absorb more glucose, removing it from the blood stream. As blood sugar falls, the stimulus for insulin release ends. What best describes this example of feedback system?

Answer 21

The endocrine system maintaining homeostasis by negative feedback.

Question 22

What is false concerning the survival need of water?

Answer 22

The body is 98% water and is thus crucial to survival.

Question 23

An example of negative feedback system.

Answer 23

Regulation of body temperature.

Question 24

Failure to Homeostatic mechanisms often lead to pathological symptoms. What represents inaccurate pairing between parts of a Homeostatic mechanism and disease?

Answer 24

Vitamin deficiencies that damage nerves and cause numbing in the hands may lead to failure to withdraw from a painful stimulus. This represents a failure in the effector portion of the Homeostatic mechanism.

Question 25

Excretion is the process of removing wastes from the body. If the body is to operate as we expect it to, it must get rid of none useful substances produced during digestion and metabolism. What is untrue in regards to excretion?

Answer 25

Every organ system plays a direct role in excretion.

Question 26

What is an example of positive feedback?

Answer 26

Release of oxytocin to increase the strength of labor contractions.