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BITM 331 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Information Systems Analysis and Design

A

Defined as the complex, challenging, and simulating organizational process that a team of business and systems professionals uses to develop and maintain information systems

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2
Q

Application Software

A

Software designed to support organizational function or process

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3
Q

Systems Analyst

A

Organizational role most responsible for analysis and design of information systems

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4
Q

What was the goal in the 1950s in Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design?

A

The goal was the efficiency of processing, emphasis was on automating existing processes, all applications developed in machine or assembly language

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5
Q

What was the goal in the 1960s in Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design?

A

enabled development of smaller, faster, less expensive computers

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6
Q

What was the goal in the 1970s in Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design?

A

became disciplined, became more like engineering as focus shifted process first to data first

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7
Q

What was the goal in the 1980s in Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design?

A

marked in major breakthroughs in organizations as microcomputers became key organizational tools, expanded the writing of off-the-shelf software, and led the 4GL development to instruct computers what to do instead of how to do it

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8
Q

What was the goal in the 1990s in Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design?

A

used visual programming environments, focused on system integration, web/interest applications begun and expanded

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8
Q

What was the goal in the present day in Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design?

A

continued focus on developing systems for the Interent and for the firm’s intranets and extranets

continue with assembling systems from programs and components purchased off the shelf

move wireless system

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8
Q

What are the three-tier design in implementation?

A

Database on one server, Application on second server, Client logic located on user machines

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9
Q

Systems development methodology

A

a standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems

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10
Q

The traditional methodology used to ___

A

develop, maintain, and replace information systems

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11
Q

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

A

a circular process with the end of the useful life leading to the start of another and at a given phase the project can return to the previous phase

Can be an interactive process

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12
Q

What is Evolutionary Model?

A

A spiral process in which one is constantly cycling through phases at different levels

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13
Q

What are the Phases of the SDLC?

A

Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation, Maintenance

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14
Q

Planning is what?

A

a need for a new or enhanced identified

determine the scope of the proposed system

the baseline project plan is developed

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15
Q

Analysis is when

A

a system requirements are studied from user input

requires careful study of current systems, manual

Output is description of alternative solution is recommendation

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16
Q

Design is what?

A

Analyst converts alternate solution to logical and physical specifications

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17
Q

Logical Design

A

The design process part that is independent of any specific hardware or software platform

18
Q

Physical Design

A

The logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming/system construction can be accomplished

19
Q

Implementation

A

occurs when the information system is coded, tested, installed and supported in the organization

20
Q

Maintenance

A

The phase in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved

Organizational needs may change over time requiring changes to the system based on user’s needs

21
Q

A example of traditional practice is

A

Analysis-Design-Code-Test Loop

22
Q

What are SDLC Traditional Waterfall Problems?

A

Once one phase ends another begins, going downhill until complete

Makes it difficult to go back

Results in great expense to make changes

The role of systems users or customers is narrowly defined

Focused on deadlines

23
Q

What are the three key principles?

A

A focus on adaptive rather than predictive methodologies

A focus on people rather than roles

A focus on self-adaptive processes

24
Q

Is Agile methodologies for everyone?

A

NO

25
Q

What did Fowler recommended for the agile process?

A

unpredictable or dynamic requirements

responsible and motivated developers

customers who understand the process and will get involved

26
Q

What is eXtreme Programming?

A

Short, incremental development cycles

Focus on automated tests written by programmers

Emphasis on two-person programming teams

Customers to monitor the development process

27
Q

What are the advantages of eXtreme Programming?

A

Increased communications among developers

Higher levels of productivity

Higher quality code

Reinforcement of the other practices in eXtreme Programming

28
Q

What is Scrum framework?

A

scrum teams with associated roles, events, artifacts and rules

each team consists of three roles –> Product owner, development team, scrum master

29
Q

What is the primary unit in scrum and how long does it run?

A

Sprint and runs two weeks to a month

30
Q

In a scrum, it starts with what __ and what is daily standup?

A

eight-hour planning meeting and the daily standup is the 15 minute meeting held to evaluate progress made within the past 24 hours needs to be done

31
Q

What is Sprint Review?

A

focused on the product and what have been accomplished (4 hours)

32
Q

What is Sprint Retrospective?

A

focused on a team performance and how it can improve (3 hours)

33
Q

What is the three primary artifacts in the Scrum process?

A

Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, Increment

34
Q

Product Backlog

A

listing of potential requirements

35
Q

Sprint Backlog

A

listing of only items to be addressed in a particular sprint

36
Q

Increment

A

represents the sum of all the product backlog completed during a sprint

37
Q

What are three primary factors critical for success?

A

Delivery strategy, Following agile software engineering practices, Team capability

38
Q

Delivery strategy

A

Continuous delivery of working
software in short time scales

39
Q

Team capability

A

Agile principle of building projects
around motivated individuals

40
Q

What is OOAD?

A

based on objects rather than data or processes

combines data and processes (called methods) into single entities call objects

41
Q

Object

A

A structure that encapsulates attributes and
methods that operate on those attributes

42
Q

Inheritance

A

Hierarchical arrangement of classes
enabling subclasses to inherit properties of superclasses

43
Q

Object Class

A

Logical grouping of objects that have the same attributes and behaviors

44
Q

What is RUP? (Relational Unified Process) and what is the 4 phases?

A

is an object-
oriented systems development methodology and based on iterative, incremental approach to systems development

RUPs four phases (each can be further divided)
–Inception
–Elaboration
–Construction
–Transition

45
Q

What are the criticisms of SDLC?

A

Forced timed phases on intangible and dynamic processes were doomed to fail

Life-cycle reliance has resulted in massive amounts of process and documentation

Cycles are not necessarily waterfalls

BITM 331 (4 decks)

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