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Bio 111 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define natural science

A

Field of science related to physical world and its phenomenons and processes.

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2
Q

Fields of Natural Science

A
  • Physical (Physics, astronomy, chemistry)
  • Life sciences (biology)
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3
Q

Broad Overview of Biology

A

Bios(life) + logos (study)

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4
Q

What do Biologists Do?

A

Observing field of science related to physical world and its processes.

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5
Q

What is Biology?

A

Study of life; artibitary

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6
Q

Basic (pure) Science

A
  • Science for knowledge regardless of application. *No product or service, knowledge for the sake of knowledge
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7
Q

Applied Science (technology)

A

Science applied to real-world problems. Problem is define by the researcher.

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8
Q

Ultimate Goal:

A

To Know

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9
Q

Science is fueled by?

A

curiosity, inquiry

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10
Q

How do we study Biology?

A

Two forms: Inductive and Deductive

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11
Q

Inductive science

A

Assuming future will resemble past

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12
Q

Deductive Science

A

Hypothesis-based science

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13
Q

What is a scientific hypothesis

A
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14
Q

S.H: Criteria for it to be Valid

A
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15
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A
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16
Q

Why is null hypothesis important?

A
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17
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 1

A

Make observations

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18
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 2

A

Hypothesis

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19
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 3

A

Design Experiment

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20
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 4

A

Collect Data

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21
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 5

A

Analyze Data

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22
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 6

A

Refine and Repeat Experiment

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23
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 7

A

Communicate Results

24
Q

Importance of designing controlled experiments

A

To test one variable

25
Q

Independent Variable

A

What is changing or being manipulated?

26
Q

Dependent Variable

A

What is responding or being measured?

27
Q

Control

A

Norms for comparison; accepted

28
Q

Constant

A

unchanged conditions

29
Q

Scientifc use of Theory

A

Hypothesis that is well-accepted, but not falisfied (broad in scope, accepted until disproven) Constantly tested, challenged, and modified

30
Q

Non-Scientific Use of Theory

A

opinion or hunch

31
Q

Cell Theory

A
  • Smallest structural and functional unit of life is cells
  • All living organisms have atleast one cell
  • Chemical reactions are necessary for life
  • Cells came from pre-existing cells
  • Cells contain hereditary info in DNA
32
Q

Gene Theory

A

Genes are basis of inheritance and are made of DNA
* Genes are located on chromosomes
* Passed from Parent to offspring

33
Q

Heredity

A
  • Different versions of the same gene (alleles)
  • Diploid (2n) organisms
34
Q

Evolution

A
  • change over time or descent with modification
  • change in allele frequencies in a population over time
    Darwin/Wallace both found first mechanism for evolution: natural selection (different reproductive success)
35
Q

What are the properties of life?

A
  • life is organized through cellular organization
    1. Order (build big)
    2. Reponds to stimuli
    Reproduction
    Growth
    Homeostasis
    Adaptation
    Energy processing
36
Q

Prokaryotic Cells (Archaea and Bactiera)

A
  • circular DNA
  • no organelles
    No mitochondria
    Yes ribosomes
    Binary Fission
    Very small
    Old
    Plasma Membrane
37
Q

Eukaryotic (Plants. Animals)

A
  • Linear DNA
    Mitochondria
    ribsomones Reproduction through meisosis and mitosis
    newer
    plasma membrane
38
Q

Difference btw. Bacteria/Archaea and Plant/Animal

A

Mitochondria, DNA structure, no nucleus

39
Q

Plant vs. Animal Difference

A

Plants: Chloroplast, cell wall, plasmodesma, vacuole
Animal: Lysosome, centirole

40
Q

Rank Levels from Cell to Biome

A
  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
    Class
    Order
    Family
    Genus
    Species,
    subspecies
41
Q

What is Taxonomy? Its importance

A

Branch of biology that names and classifies species, buy genetics not phenotype

42
Q

What is Phylogeny? Importance?

A

Diving evolutionary history (relation and evolution)

43
Q

List and Explain Evidence of Unity in Life

A

SAME DNA, genetic code (A,G,C,T), gene expression (translation and transcription), same 20 amino acids, ribosomes

44
Q

Most similar domains

A

Archae and Eukarya

45
Q

What is and is NOT evolution?

A
  • survival of fittest
  • theory about origin of life
  • result of natural selection
  • quest for perfection
  • individual change
  • long
  • immune to anthropogenic effects
  • ignoring humans
  • incompatible with religion
46
Q

Lamarck’s Contribution

A
  • inheritance of accquired traits
47
Q

Darwin/Wallace’ s Contribution

A

first mechanism of evolution (natural selection); differential reporductive success

48
Q

Natural Selection

A

Two observations: hereditary variations or overproduction (leading to competition)
Leads to environmental factors such as differenes in reproductive success and evolution of adaptations in the population

49
Q

Relative Fitness and values (0-1)

A

survival or reproductive success of trait relative to other traits in population
fitness= number of individuals in population
fittest; best reproductive success
Fitness includes:
1. survival
finiding mates
health and fertile offspring

50
Q

What is emergent properties?

A

properties working together

52
Q

Origin of Species

A
  1. Different reproductive success
  2. adaptations based on current environment
53
Q

Adaptation

A

increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reproductive success

54
Q

List life from order of life from least to most complex

A

atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organ

55
Q

Emergent properties and levels of organization

A
  • properties emerge at each step
    reflect organization and function

Bio 111 (3 decks)

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