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Bio 111 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define natural science

A

Field of science related to physical world and its phenomenons and processes.

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2
Q

Fields of Natural Science

A
  • Physical (Physics, astronomy, chemistry)
  • Life sciences (biology)
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3
Q

Broad Overview of Biology

A

Bios(life) + logos (study)

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4
Q

What do Biologists Do?

A

Observing field of science related to physical world and its processes.

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5
Q

What is Biology?

A

Study of life; artibitary

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6
Q

Basic (pure) Science

A
  • Science for knowledge regardless of application. *No product or service, knowledge for the sake of knowledge
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7
Q

Applied Science (technology)

A

Science applied to real-world problems. Problem is define by the researcher.

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8
Q

Ultimate Goal:

A

To Know

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9
Q

Science is fueled by?

A

curiosity, inquiry

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10
Q

How do we study Biology?

A

Two forms: Inductive and Deductive

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11
Q

Inductive science

A

Assuming future will resemble past

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12
Q

Deductive Science

A

Hypothesis-based science

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13
Q

What is a scientific hypothesis

A
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14
Q

S.H: Criteria for it to be Valid

A
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15
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A
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16
Q

Why is null hypothesis important?

A
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17
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 1

A

Make observations

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18
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 2

A

Hypothesis

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19
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 3

A

Design Experiment

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20
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 4

A

Collect Data

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21
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 5

A

Analyze Data

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22
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 6

A

Refine and Repeat Experiment

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23
Q

Steps of Scientific Method: 7

A

Communicate Results

24
Q

Importance of designing controlled experiments

A

To test one variable

25
Independent Variable
What is changing or being manipulated?
26
Dependent Variable
What is responding or being measured?
27
Control
Norms for comparison; accepted
28
Constant
unchanged conditions
29
Scientifc use of Theory
Hypothesis that is well-accepted, but not falisfied (broad in scope, accepted until disproven) Constantly tested, challenged, and modified
30
Non-Scientific Use of Theory
opinion or hunch
31
Cell Theory
* Smallest structural and functional unit of life is cells * All living organisms have atleast one cell * Chemical reactions are necessary for life * Cells came from pre-existing cells * Cells contain hereditary info in DNA
32
Gene Theory
Genes are basis of inheritance and are made of DNA * Genes are located on chromosomes * Passed from Parent to offspring
33
Heredity
* Different versions of the same gene (alleles) * Diploid (2n) organisms
34
Evolution
* change over time or descent with modification * change in allele frequencies in a population over time Darwin/Wallace both found first mechanism for evolution: natural selection (different reproductive success)
35
What are the properties of life?
* life is organized through cellular organization 1. Order (build big) 2. Reponds to stimuli Reproduction Growth Homeostasis Adaptation Energy processing
36
Prokaryotic Cells (Archaea and Bactiera)
* circular DNA * no organelles No mitochondria Yes ribosomes Binary Fission Very small Old Plasma Membrane
37
Eukaryotic (Plants. Animals)
* Linear DNA Mitochondria ribsomones Reproduction through meisosis and mitosis newer plasma membrane
38
Difference btw. Bacteria/Archaea and Plant/Animal
Mitochondria, DNA structure, no nucleus
39
Plant vs. Animal Difference
Plants: Chloroplast, cell wall, plasmodesma, vacuole Animal: Lysosome, centirole
40
Rank Levels from Cell to Biome
* Domain * Kingdom * Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species, subspecies
41
What is Taxonomy? Its importance
Branch of biology that names and classifies species, buy genetics not phenotype
42
What is Phylogeny? Importance?
Diving evolutionary history (relation and evolution)
43
List and Explain Evidence of Unity in Life
SAME DNA, genetic code (A,G,C,T), gene expression (translation and transcription), same 20 amino acids, ribosomes
44
Most similar domains
Archae and Eukarya
45
What is and is NOT evolution?
* survival of fittest * theory about origin of life * result of natural selection * quest for perfection * individual change * long * immune to anthropogenic effects * ignoring humans * incompatible with religion
46
Lamarck's Contribution
* inheritance of accquired traits
47
Darwin/Wallace' s Contribution
first mechanism of evolution (natural selection); differential reporductive success
48
Natural Selection
Two observations: hereditary variations or overproduction (leading to competition) Leads to environmental factors such as differenes in reproductive success and evolution of adaptations in the population
49
Relative Fitness and values (0-1)
survival or reproductive success of trait relative to other traits in population fitness= number of individuals in population fittest; best reproductive success Fitness includes: 1. survival finiding mates health and fertile offspring
50
What is emergent properties?
properties working together
51
52
Origin of Species
1. Different reproductive success 2. adaptations based on current environment
53
Adaptation
increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reproductive success
54
List life from order of life from least to most complex
atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organ
55
Emergent properties and levels of organization
* properties emerge at each step reflect organization and function

Bio 111 (3 decks)

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