Chapter 1

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Someone’s usual pattern of behavior, feelings, and thoughts
-Usual as in how someone acts, thinks, or feels across time or across situations
-If ones choices are not consistent over time different situation factors may be influencing them
-Includes tendencies all humans share and individual differences
-Some personality differences are obvious; others less so
-Shaped by genetics, parents, peers, birth order, and culture

Question 2

Components that Shape Personality

Answer 2

-Genetics
-Parenting
-Relationships with peers

Question 3

4 Root of Personality

Answer 3

1. Assessment and Measurement
2. Trait Theory
   3.Self Process
   4.Psychodynamics

Question 4

Assessment and Measurement

Answer 4

-Shape personality into a quantitative science
-James Catell proposed the idea of mental tests
-1st personality test was for the military called ‘Personal Data Sheet’
-way to measure in personality tests

Question 5

Trait Theory

Answer 5

• says that personality is made up of certain units called traits found in language
  -Sir Francis Galton went to a thesaurus to get traits
  -Gordon Allport/Raymond Catell advanced the trait approach

Question 6

Psychodynamics

Answer 6

Seeks to capture thee whole person; Impulses, Fears, or more complex unconscious mental structures
-Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Arthur Schopenhaur, Friedrich Nietzsche
-psychodynamic work made its way into more scientific personality research through discussions of psychological motivation

Question 7

Self Process

Answer 7

-examines the question of identity
-who am I, who do I want to be
-William James, George H. Mead, David Hume

Question 8

Personality as a Hub Field

Answer 8

Personality is a “hub” topic, at the centre of various subareas within psychology like;
-Developmental psychology
-Neuroscience
-Clinical psychology
-Industrial/organizational psychology
-Social psychology

Question 9

Personality in Clinical Psychology

Answer 9

-personality disorders
-psychological assessment

Question 10

Personality in Neuroscience

Answer 10

-personality neuroscience

Question 11

Personality in Developmental Psychology

Answer 11

-personality development
-child temperament

Question 12

Personality in Social Psychology

Answer 12

-self concept
-self esteem

Question 13

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Answer 13

-leadership
-assessment

Question 14

Extraversion

Answer 14

enjoys being outgoing and experiencing positive emotions; the opposite of Introversion

Question 15

Introversion

Answer 15

enjoys time alone and can be reserved in social settings ; opposite of extroversion

Question 16

Person Situation Debate

Answer 16

-On one side: the view that stable personality traits predict behaviour
-On the other side: the view that situation is much more important, and personality doesn’t really exist

Question 17

Person-Situation Interaction

Answer 17

-Both personality and situation influence behaviour
-The person and situation work together in various ways to determine behaviour
-why personality only usual behaviour and tendencies
-Example;The highly conscientious person may be late because of situational factors
People dissented and went against orders in Milgram’s shock experiments