Chapter 1

Question 1

What were the major concerns of people in ancient times related to science and technology?

Answer 1

People in ancient times were concerned with transportation, navigation, communication, record-keeping, mass production, security, protection, health, aesthetics, and architecture.

Question 2

Why was transportation significant in ancient times?

Answer 2

Transportation was significant as people traveled to discover new places, find better settlements, trade surplus goods, and explore new horizons.

Question 3

Why did ancient people need navigation technology?

Answer 3

Navigation technology assisted ancient people in journeys to unfamiliar areas, helping them return home after discoveries or completing trades.

Question 4

How did communication play a vital role in ancient times?

Answer 4

Communication was essential for interacting with natives, facilitating trade, and preventing conflicts during exploration and settlement.

Question 5

Why was record-keeping important for ancient civilizations?

Answer 5

Record-keeping was crucial to remember places, document trades, and preserve history and culture as ancient civilizations interacted with others.

Question 6

What challenge did the increase in the size and number of nations bring in ancient times?

Answer 6

The increase in nations implied a higher demand for food and basic necessities, necessitating technology to increase production without more travel or effort.

Question 7

Why were weapons and armors important in ancient times?

Answer 7

Weapons and armors were crucial for security and protection during the discovery of new places and establishment of alliances, as conflicts were common.

Question 8

What role did science and technology play in addressing the challenge of illness in ancient times?

Answer 8

Science and technology played a major role in discovering cures or prevention methods for illnesses, addressing the conservation of human life.

Question 9

How did the field of engineering emerge in ancient times?

Answer 9

The field of engineering emerged as people sought solutions for better transportation, protection from attacks, and construction of infrastructures.

Question 10

What significance did architecture hold during ancient times?

Answer 10

Elaborate architectural designs were signs of technological advancement and considered a status symbol among nations, establishing identity.

Question 11

What drove the development of engineering in ancient times?

Answer 11

The need for better transportation, protection, and construction of infrastructure drove the development of engineering in ancient times.

Question 12

How did the development in engineering contribute to architecture during ancient times?

Answer 12

The development in engineering contributed to architecture, with elaborate designs reflecting technological advancement and national identity.

Question 13

How did advancements in science and technology impact the appearance of individuals in ancient times?

Answer 13

Advancements in science and technology allowed people to improve their appearance by adding features and decorations to their bodies.

Question 14

What conclusion can be drawn about the relationship between ancient and modern technological developments?

Answer 14

The developments in science and technology in ancient times were the results of prior antecedents and necessities, impacting the lives of modern people.

Question 15

Where is Sumeria located?

Answer 15

Sumeria is located on the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia.

Question 16

What are Sumerians known for in terms of their social characteristics and desires?

Answer 16

Sumerians are known for their high degree of cooperation with one another and their desire for great things. They are not contented with basic life offerings.

Question 17

What motivated the Sumerians to develop various advancements in science and technology?

Answer 17

The desire for great things motivated the Sumerians to develop many things connected with science and technology.

Question 18

What significant achievement is attributed to the Sumerians in terms of writing?

Answer 18

Cuneiform.

Question 19

Describe the cuneiform writing system developed by the Sumerians.

Answer 19

The cuneiform writing system utilized word pictures and triangular symbols carved on clay using wedge instruments and then left to dry. It allowed the Sumerians to keep records of things with great historical value or their everyday life.

Question 20

Why is the City of Uruk considered a great wonder?

Answer 20

The City of Uruk is considered a great wonder not only because it is considered the first true city in the world but also for the way it was erected.

Question 21

What challenges did the Sumerians face in constructing Uruk City?

Answer 21

There were no building stones in the location of Uruk City, and lumber was limited, making its construction a big challenge.

Question 22

How did the Sumerians overcome the challenges in building Uruk City?

Answer 22

The Sumerians were able to build Uruk City using mud or clay from the river, which they mixed with reeds to produce sun-baked bricks, a true engineering feat.

Question 23

How were the sun-baked bricks used in Uruk City?

Answer 23

The sun-baked bricks were used to make HOUSES that protected the Sumerians from harsh weather and to build a WALL around the city that prevented wild animals and neighboring raiders from entering.