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Biology > Chapter 1-1.5:Classification and Characteristics of Living Organisms > Flashcards

Chapter 1-1.5:Classification and Characteristics of Living Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

How can you know if something classifies as a living thing?

A

If something follows all 7 characteristics of living creatures, it is considered a living thing

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2
Q

What are the seven characteristics(in the order of Mrs. Gren)?

A

M-ovement
R-espiration
S-ensitivity
G-rowth
R-eproduction
E-xcretion
N-utrition

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3
Q

What is meant by movement?

A

All living organisms can move to some extent either by moving their whole body from place to place(animals) or slowly moving parts of themselves(plants).

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4
Q

What is meant by respiration?

A

All organisms can break down glucose and other substances inside their cells for energy they can use. These reactions are called metabolism.

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5
Q

What is meant by sensitivity?

A

All organisms can pick up information about changes in their environment and react to it. These changes can be internal or external.

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6
Q

What is meant by growth?

A

All animals start small and get larger because of the growth of their cells or by adding new cells to their body.

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7
Q

Do we consider an increase in size as growth if the organism reverts back to its initial size?(such as pufferfish)

A

No, the increase must be permanent. Pufferfish can increase their size for a short amount of time to protect themselves, but it isn’t permanent so it is not growth.

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8
Q

How can we find dry mass?

A
  1. Kill an organism and dry it
  2. Find the mass of its body without water
  3. Find another one of the organisms and find its dry mass as well
  4. Repeat with multiple of the organisms to observe the growth period
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9
Q

What is meant by reproduction?

A

All organisms can make new organisms of the same species as themselves.

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10
Q

What is meant by excretion?

A

All organisms can produce unwanted or toxic waste products. They can remove these from their body with metabolic reactions.

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11
Q

Who was Carl Linnaeus?

A

He was the first person to classify plants based on their reproductive structures.

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12
Q

What are the levels of classification?

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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13
Q

What is a common ancestor?

A

It is a species that lived in the past and is thought to have given rise to several different species alive today.

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14
Q

What is a specie?

A

It is a group of organisms that share many similar appearances and can breed with each other.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank:
The scientific name of an animal is made up of two parts. The first word is the name of the _____ the animal is in and it must be written with a ______ ______. The second word is the name of the ______ the animal is in. It must be typed in _______, but when written, it must be __________ instead.

A
  1. Genus
  2. Capital letter
  3. Species
  4. Italics
  5. Underlined
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16
Q

What are the main groups of living organisms?

A

Bacteria, Protoctista, Fungi, Plants, and Animals

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17
Q

What does it mean when an offspring is fertile?

A

It means that it can reproduce again to produce more of the same species

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18
Q

What is an example of an infertile animal?

A

Mule

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19
Q

Define binomial system

A

It is an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of the genus and species.

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20
Q

What would the abbreviation be for the scientific name of humans(Homo sapiens)?

A

H. sapiens(all in italics)

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21
Q

What can we use a dichotomous key for?

A

We can use it to work out what the name of an organism is.

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22
Q

Define dichotomous key

A

It is a way of identifying an organism through pairs of statements that leads you to its name

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of animals?

A

They have cells with a nucleus but no cell walls or chloroplasts, and they feed on organic substances made by other living organisms.

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24
Q

What is an organic substance?

A

Any substance that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

25
Q

What do all plants have in common?

A

They all have a green pigment called chlorophyll that turns parts of plants green.

26
Q

What are the characteristics of plants?

A

They have cells with a nucleus, cell walls made of cellulose, and usually chloroplasts, they feed by photosynthesis, and they may have roots, stems, and leaves.

27
Q

What are most fungi made up of?

A

Microscopic threads that are made of cells linked in a long line called hyphae

28
Q

How do fungi feed?

A

Either saprophytically or parasitically.

29
Q

What do decomposers do?

A

They break down waste material from other organisms and dead organisms.

30
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

They produce spores, which are very small groups of cells surrounded by a protective wall. The spores can spread by the wind or animals and grow to form a new fungus.

31
Q

What are some uses for fungi?

A

We eat them, we use them to make ethanol and bread, we can obtain antibiotics with them

32
Q

What are some harmful things fungi can do?

A

They can cause food decay, and cause many diseases.

33
Q

What are some characteristics of fungi?

A

They are usually multicellular but can be unicellular, they have nuclei and cell walls but it is not made of cellulose, they don’t have chlorophyll, and they feed by digesting waste organic material and absorbing it into their cells.

34
Q

What are some characteristics of the protocist kingdom?

A

They can be unicellular and multicellular, they have a nucleus and can have a cell wall, and chloroplasts, some of them feed by photosynthesis while others feed on organic substances made by other organisms.

35
Q

What is the most important difference between bacteria cells and other cells?

A

Bacteria cells don’t have a nucleus.

36
Q

What are some characteristics of prokaryotes?

A

They are usually unicellular, have no nucleus, have cell walls that are not made of cellulose, have no mitochondria, have a circular loop of DNA that is free in the cytoplasm, and usually have plasmids.

37
Q

What are vertebrates?

A

They are animals with backbones

38
Q

What are characteristics of fish?

A

They have scaly skin, have gills throughout their life, have fins, and have eggs with no shells.

39
Q

What is metamorphosis?

A

It is a major change in the shape of an amphibian’s body.

40
Q

What are the larvae called of amphibians?

A

Tadpoles

41
Q

What are some characteristics of amphibians?

A

They have skin with no scales, and lay eggs in water because they have no shells, the tadpoles live in water as adults live on land, tadpoles use gills for gas exchange and adults use lungs.

42
Q

What are two differences between tadpoles and adults?

A
  1. Tadpoles live in water while adults live on land
  2. Tadpoles have gills for gas exchange, but adults have lungs
43
Q

Do reptiles have to lay their eggs in water? why or why not?

A

No, their eggs have a soft but waterproof shell that stops it from drying out.

44
Q

What are some characteristics of reptiles?

A

They have scaly skin and lay eggs with soft shells.

45
Q

Why are birds easy to identify?

A

They are the only animals with feathers and a beak.

46
Q

Do all birds fly?

A

No

47
Q

What are some characteristics of birds?

A

They have feathers and sometimes scales, have a beak, have wings as their two front limbs, and lay eggs with hard shells.

48
Q

What are some similarities between birds and mammals?

A

Birds and mammals can control their body temperature and have a heart with four chambers.

49
Q

What are some characteristics of mammals?

A

They have hair on their skin, their young develop in a uterus, the females have mammary glands, they have different kinds of teeth, a pinna on the outside of the body, sweat glands, and a diaphragm.

50
Q

What are invertebrates?

A

Animals without a back bone

51
Q

What are arthropods?

A

They are invertebrates that have an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.

52
Q

What do insects have that stops water from evaporating?

A

An exoskeleton and tracheae

53
Q

What are some characteristics of insects?

A

They have three pairs of jointed legs, have two pairs of wings(one or both can be so small, it’s useless), breathe through their tracheae, their body is divided into three things, have one pair of antennae, and are mostly terrestrial.

54
Q

What are the three parts an insect’s body divides into?

A

A head, thorax, and abdomen

55
Q

What are some characteristics of crustaceans?

A

They have more than four pairs of jointed legs, and two pairs of antennae.

56
Q

What are some characteristics of arachnids?

A

They have four pairs of jointed legs, no antennae, their body is divided into two parts.

57
Q

What are the two parts an arachnid’s body divides into?

A

A cephalothorax and an abdomen.

58
Q

What are some characteristics of myriapods?

A

Their body consists of many similar segments with jointed legs in each one, and they have one pair of antennae.

Biology (1 decks)

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